衰老是自然现象，其特征是生理完整性逐渐下降，导致认知功能恶化，并增加患慢性退行性疾病（包括心血管疾病、骨质疏松症、癌症、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病）的风险。衰老被认为是帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病的主要危险因素。同样，糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗也构成了发展神经退行性疾病的额外危险因素。目前，尚无治疗能够有效逆转这些神经退行性病理过程。然而，一些抗糖尿病药物已经开辟了用于抵抗神经退行性过程的可能性。在之前的研究框架中，钒类物质已经表现出明显的抗糖尿病效果。我们的研究小组评估了多氧钒酸盐，如葡萄十钒酸和甲双胍葡萄十钒酸盐，在代谢综合征的大鼠脑特定区域上对神经退行性的预防和纠正活性。结果表明，这些多氧钒酸盐诱导了神经元和认知恢复机制。本综述旨在描述多氧钒酸盐作为脑内胰岛素增强剂的治疗潜力，为衰老和神经退行性疾病提供一种治疗选择。

Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by a progressive decline in physiological integrity, leading to a deterioration of cognitive function and increasing the risk of suffering from chronic-degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Aging is considered the major risk factor for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease develops. Likewise, diabetes and insulin resistance constitute additional risk factors for developing neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, no treatment can effectively reverse these neurodegenerative pathologies. However, some antidiabetic drugs have opened the possibility of being used against neurodegenerative processes. In the previous framework, Vanadium species have demonstrated a notable antidiabetic effect. Our research group evaluated polyoxidovanadates such as decavanadate and metforminium-decavanadate with preventive and corrective activity on neurodegeneration in brain-specific areas from rats with metabolic syndrome. The results suggest that these polyoxidovanadates induce neuronal and cognitive restoration mechanisms. This review aims to describe the therapeutic potential of polyoxidovanadates as insulin-enhancer agents in the brain, constituting a therapeutic alternative for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.