溶解有机物（DOM）占据了一个庞大而未知的分子空间。鉴于其性质，DOM可以被视为一种有前景的生物技术资源。然而，对DOM生物活性的研究仍处于早期阶段。本研究对陆地和海洋DOM的生物技术潜力、分子组成及其关系进行了调查。样品通过体外抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性进行筛选。几乎所有DOM样品对金黄色葡萄球菌均具有抗菌活性，其中淡水DOM表现出最低的IC50值。大多数样品还抑制了表皮葡萄球菌，其中有四个DOM提取物的有效性高于参考药物的四倍。抗真菌活性仅限于对人源皮肤菌株红色毛癣菌的溶液DOM。未观察到明显的体外抗癌活性。其具有低抗氧化潜力。通过傅里叶变换离子回旋质谱（FT-ICR MS）的分子表征提供了广泛的组成概览。通过主坐标分析（PCoA）确定了三个主要的明显群组。抗菌活性与高芳香性含量和高度不饱和的分子式（富含氧）有关。抗真菌效果与高度不饱和的分子式（富含氧）相关。抗氧化活性与双键和多酚类物质的存在呈正相关。本研究首次证明了DOM中具有潜在用于化妆品、制药和水产养殖行业的抗菌和抗真菌活性。这种有机材料的无毒性和几乎不受限的存在可能为未来海洋生物探索工作开辟了新的途径。©2023年中国科学院昆明植物研究所。

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) occupies a huge and uncharted molecular space. Given its properties, DOM can be presented as a promising biotechnological resource. However, research into bioactivities of DOM is still in early stages. In this study, the biotechnological potential of terrestrial and marine DOM, its molecular composition and their relationships are investigated. Samples were screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activity was detected against Staphylococcus aureus in almost all DOM samples, with freshwater DOM showing the lowest IC50 values. Most samples also inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis, and four DOM extracts showed up to fourfold higher potency than the reference drug. Antifungal activity was limited to only porewater DOM towards human dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. No significant in vitro anticancer activity was observed. Low antioxidant potential was exerted. The molecular characterization by FT-ICR MS allowed a broad compositional overview. Three main distinguished groups have been identified by PCoA analyses. Antibacterial activities are related to high aromaticity content and highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-poor). Antifungal effect is correlated with highly-unsaturated molecular formulae (O-rich). Antioxidant activity is positively related to the presence of double bonds and polyphenols. This study evidenced for the first time antibacterial and antifungal activity in DOM with potential applications in cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical and aquaculture industry. The lack of cytotoxicity and the almost unlimited presence of this organic material may open new avenues in future marine bioprospecting efforts.© 2023. Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.