百尺竿头虽草木，本草堪为药茶之选。现代研究表明，百尺竿（Gynostemma pentaphyllum）的主要生物活性成分为黄酮类化合物和皂苷类物质。其具有降血脂、抗癌、心脏保护、肝脏保护、神经保护、抗糖尿病和抗炎等多种益处。本综述旨在总结其抗糖脂代谢模型和机制，以促进对其降脂机制的深入理解。通过回顾1985年至2023年间PubMed数据库中相关文献，整理了与百尺竿降脂有关的信息。目前仅有101种百尺竿化合物的降脂活性初步得到探索。针对其降脂作用，已有细胞模型、动物模型和人体试验。其通过PPAR/UCP-1/PGC-1α/PRDM16和（SREBP-1c）-ACC/FAS-CPT1信号通路降低三酰甘油水平。通过（SREBP-2）-HMGCR、PCSK9-LDLR和胆汁酸生物合成途径降低胆固醇水平。而腺苷5'-磷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）的激活则是G. pentaphyllum调节糖脂代谢的关键因素。本文还讨论了百尺竿在调节糖脂代谢中的其他作用途径。迄今为止，已经从百尺竿中分离和鉴定出超过328种皂苷。对这些成分进行进一步研究，包括分子机制和体内代谢调节，需要进一步确认。百尺竿有潜力成为药物或功能性食品的开发对象，但仍需进一步研究。Copyright © 2023. Elsevier B.V. 发表

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) can be used for both medicinal and tea and has lipid-lowering properties. Modern research has shown that its main bioactive components are flavonoids and saponins. It has many beneficial effects such as hypolipidemic, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory.This review aimed to summarize its anti-glycolipid metabolic models and mechanisms are reviewed to facilitate a deeper understanding of the mechanism in lowering lipids.Information related to lipid lowering in G. pentaphyllum was collated by reviewing the relevant literature in the PubMed database from 1985 to 2023.Only 101 G. pentaphyllum compounds have been initially explored for their hypolipidemic activity. There are cell models, animal models and human subjects for lipid-lowering of it. It reduced triglyceride level via PPAR/UCP-1/PGC-1α/PRDM16 and (SREBP-1c)-ACC/FAS-CPT1 signal pathways. Cholesterol-lowering effects via (SREBP-2)-HMGCR, PCSK9-LDLR and bile acid biosynthetic pathways. Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key factor in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism in G. pentaphyllum. Other pathways of action of G. pentaphyllum in regulating glucolipid metabolism are also discussed in this paper.To date, more than 328 saponins have been isolated and identified in Gynostemma. Further studies on these components, including molecular mechanisms and in vivo metabolic regulation, need to be further confirmed. G. pentaphyllum has the potential to be developed into drugs or functional foods, but further research is needed.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.