多胺 - 脲胺、亚精胺和精胺 - 是广泛存在的脂肪族化合物，在原核细胞和真核细胞中已被证实调控重要的生物过程。因此，亚精胺不足与多种生理病理过程（例如衰老和癌症）相关。最新的免疫代谢和免疫疗法的进展为亚精胺在免疫细胞调控和抗癌反应中的作用提供了新的认识。在这里，我们回顾了最新的研究，证明亚精胺由肠道菌群的集体代谢途径，菌体和宿主共代谢，以及宿主细胞，包括激活的免疫细胞产生。我们强调亚精胺在增强老年动物对免疫检查点治疗作用上的有效性，并提出亚精胺补充剂可以用于增强抗-PD-1治疗的效果。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Polyamines - putrescine, spermidine, and spermine - are widely distributed aliphatic compounds known to regulate important biological processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Therefore, spermidine insufficiency is associated with various physio-pathological processes, such as aging and cancers. Recent advances in immuno-metabolism and immunotherapy shed new light on the role of spermidine in immune cell regulation and anticancer responses. Here, we review novel works demonstrating that spermidine is produced by collective metabolic pathways of gut bacteria, bacteria-host co-metabolism, and by the host cells, including activated immune cells. We highlight the effectiveness of spermidine in enhancing antitumor responses in aged animals otherwise nonresponsive to immune checkpoint therapy and propose that spermidine supplementation could be used to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.