肿瘤相关骨髓细胞是肿瘤微环境中一系列塑性和异质细胞群体，并在不同的微环境信号下表现出不同的表型和功能。鉴于有前期临床前数据显示骨髓源治疗可以有效抑制肿瘤生长，一系列新型的免疫基础治疗和方法目前正在进行临床评估。对不同骨髓细胞亚型的多样性和功能角色的更深入了解，以及它们与肿瘤微环境重塑的关联，可能有助于改善癌症治疗。在本文中，我们将重点关注骨髓细胞，并讨论肿瘤细胞如何通过肿瘤源性因子和代谢产物同时重编程这些细胞。此外，我们还讨论了骨髓细胞与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞之间的相互作用，这些相互作用可能直接或间接地调节肿瘤的初始化、侵袭或血管生成。我们进一步讨论了骨髓细胞在癌症治疗的有针对性治疗策略开发中的当前和未来潜在应用。© 2021 Mingyi Shen等，由德古意特出版，柏林/波士顿发表。

Tumor-associated myeloid cells constitute a series of plastic and heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and exhibit different phenotypes and functions in response to various microenvironmental signals. In light of promising preclinical data indicating that myeloid-based therapy can effectively suppress tumor growth, a series of novel immune-based therapies and approaches are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. A better understanding of the diversity and functional roles of different myeloid cell subtypes and of how they are associated with TME remodeling may help to improve cancer therapy. Herein, we focus on myeloid cells and discuss how tumor cells can simultaneously reprogram these cells through tumor-derived factors and metabolites. In addition, we discuss the interactions between myeloid cells and other cells in the TME that have the potential to directly or indirectly regulate tumor initiation, invasion, or angiogenesis. We further discuss the current and future potential applications of myeloid cells in the development of focused therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.© 2021 Mingyi Shen et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.