全球范围内已进行了许多关于天然产物的研究，结果表明它们的天然成分在治疗各种疾病方面具有很好的效果。黄芩苷（BIA）是从黄芩属植物中提取的黄酮类物质黄芩素衍生出的一种糖苷。有趣的是，多项研究中，BIA已被证明在多种动物模型中对肺部起到保护作用。因此，我们充分分析了那些关注BIA对各种肺部损伤的保护功能的研究数据，并将其纳入本综述中。有趣的是，BIA在急性肺损伤、肺纤维化、肺栓塞以及与COPD、LPS和草甘膦等相关的肺重塑方面显示出了良好的效果。此外，BIA还对肺癌具有抗癌活性。此外，BIA还能有效减轻与感染相关的肺损伤。BIA主要通过抑制炎症、氧化应激、免疫反应和细胞凋亡途径发挥其治疗作用。Nrf2/HO-1、PI3K/Akt、NF-κB、STAT3、MAPKs、TLR4和NLRP3是BIA在不同的肺部疾病模型中产生治疗效应的重要靶点。因此，我们建议在未来潜在的临床应用中使用BIA，并将其有希望的效果转化为临床实践中用于治疗肺部疾病的指南。© 2023. 作者/作者，由Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany独家授权，属于Springer Nature的一部分。

Studies focusing on natural products have been conducted worldwide, and the results suggest that their natural ingredients effectively treat a wide range of illnesses. Baicalin (BIA) is a glycoside derived from the flavonoid baicalein present in Scutellaria baicalensis of the Lamiaceae family. Interestingly, BIA has been shown to protect the lungs in several animal models used in numerous studies. Therefore, we fully analyzed the data of the studies that focused on BIA's lung protective function against various injuries and included them in this review. Interestingly, BIA exhibits promising effects against acute lung injury, lung fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, and lung remodelling associated with COPD, LPS, and paraquat insecticide. BAI exhibits anticancer activity against lung cancer. Additionally, BIA potently attenuates lung damage associated with infections. BIA primarily exerts its therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress immune response, and apoptosis pathways. Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, STAT3, MAPKs, TLR4, and NLRP3 are important targets in the pulmonary therapeutic effects of BIA on different lung disease models. Consequently, we recommend using it in future potential clinical applications, its contribution to treatment guidelines, and translating its promising effects to clinical practice in lung diseases.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.