识别风险因素有助于预防与乳腺癌相关的淋巴水肿（BCRL）。已发布的几篇系统综述已经涉及BCRL的风险因素。本研究旨在系统地识别BCRL的潜在风险因素并评估证据的质量。研究按照Joanna Briggs Institute和Cochrane Handbook的方法指导进行。从成立至2022年11月15日，系统地检索以下电子数据库：PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus、CNKI、SinoMed、万方、JBI数据库、Cochrane数据库、ProQuest和PROSPERO。两位作者独立筛选研究、提取数据并使用AMSTAR2评估方法学质量，使用ROBIS评估偏倚风险，使用GRADE评估证据的质量。根据需要，评估重叠性、评估小样本效应，并计算I2统计量和Egger's P值。本研究共包括14篇文献，其中包括10个荟萃分析和4个系统综述。作者确认了39个因子和30个独特的荟萃分析。本研究中发现，13个与个人固有特征相关的风险因素，如较高的身体质量指数（BMI）和腋窝淋巴结切除，与BCRL发病率有显著关联。乳房重建被发现是一个保护因素。方法学质量较低或严重不足。大多数系统综述和/或荟萃分析评定为高偏倚风险。22个关联的证据质量较低，8个关联的证据质量中等。目前已确定的BCRL风险因素全部属于个人固有特征相关因素。未来需要设计良好的研究和可靠的荟萃分析，以探索行为相关、人际关系相关和环境相关因素与BCRL之间的潜在关联，以及基因变异和病理生理因素的作用。© 2023. 外科肿瘤学会。

Identification of risk factors facilitates the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Several published systematic reviews have already addressed the risk factors for BCRL. This study aimed to systematically identify potential risk factors for BCRL and evaluate the quality of evidence.The study followed methodologic guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Cochrane Handbook. The following electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to 15 November 2022: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang, JBI Database, Cochrane Database, ProQuest, and PROSPERO. Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodologic quality using AMSTAR2, risk of bias using ROBIS, and evidence quality using GRADE. The study evaluated overlap, assessed the small-study effect, and calculated the I2 statistic and Egger's P value as needed.The study included 14 publications comprising 10 meta-analyses and 4 systematic reviews. The authors identified 39 factors and 30 unique meta-analyses. In the study, 13 innate personal trait-related risk factors, such as higher body mass index (BMI) and axillary lymph nodes dissection, showed statistically significant associations with BCRL incidence. Breast reconstruction was found to be a protective factor. The methodologic quality was low or critically low. The majority of the systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses were rated as having a high risk of bias. Evidence quality was low for 22 associations and moderate for 8 associations.The currently identified risk factors for BCRL all are innate personal trait-related factors. Future well-designed studies and robust meta-analyses are needed to explore potential associations between behavioral-, interpersonal-, and environmental-related factors and BCRL, as well as the role of genetic variations and pathophysiologic factors.© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.