急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）是世界上最常见的儿科癌症，占所有15岁以下儿童癌症的25％。纵向研究表明，患有ALL的儿童在出生时就存在免疫反应失调，再加上出生后的环境暴露，有利于疾病的发生。在这种背景下，IL-10，作为免疫反应调节的关键细胞因子，表现出矛盾的介质特性，最初通过调节炎症过程影响ALL的发展，然后在白血病微环境中增加这种分子，推动肿瘤的进展。根据文献，这种细胞因子在该疾病的自然历史中起到关键作用，并在两种不同但复杂的情景中发挥重要作用。因此，在本综述中，我们探讨了IL-10在ALL中的双重作用，并描述了其生物特性、免疫机制和遗传学，以及其对白血病微环境和临床影响的影响。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer in the world, and accounts for 25% of all childhood cancers among children under 15 years of age. Longitudinal studies have shown that children with ALL are born with a deregulated immune response that, together with postnatal environmental exposures, favor the onset of the disease. In this context, IL-10, a key cytokine in the regulation of the immune response, presents itself as a paradoxical mediator, initially influencing the development of ALL through the regulation of inflammatory processes and later on the progression of malignancy, with the increase of this molecule in the leukemia microenvironment. According to the literature, this cytokine plays a critical role in the natural history of the disease and plays an important role in two different though complex scenarios. Thus, in this review, we explore the dual role of IL-10 in ALL, and describe its biological characteristics, immunological mechanisms and genetics, as well as its impact on the leukemia microenvironment and its clinical implications.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.