口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是一种具有高复发率的侵袭性癌症。大多数临床研究关注的是OSCC患者的预后，很少有研究探讨影响复发的原因和干预措施。本研究旨在探讨OSCC复发的时空模式。研究纳入了我院234例OSCC患者和TCGA数据库中64例OSCC患者复发的个案。采用Log-rank检验和多变量Cox回归分析，确定每个选择的人口统计学或临床因素与复发之间是否存在显著差异。采用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制每个复发间隔的生存曲线。临床和TCGA中OSCC患者的早期复发比例分别为93.6%和84.4%。年龄、嚼槟榔、先前放疗、原发肿瘤组织学分级（恶性分化差）、淋巴结转移和术后感染与复发的时机相关。研究发现，舌癌更容易出现区域性复发，而颊癌主要是局部和局部区域性复发。复发越早，局部区域性复发的可能性越大，预后越差。大多数复发的OSCC患者在早期复发（<18个月）且预后不良，早期复发更容易出现局部复发。此外，复发部位与OSCC原发部位有关。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature的一部分。

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive cancer with a high recurrence rate. Most clinical studies have focused on the prognosis of patients with OSCC, few have investigated the causes and interventions that affect the recurrence. Our study is to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of recurrence in OSCC.234 OSCC patients with recurrence in our hospital and 64 OSCC patients with recurrence in TCGA database were included in the study. Log-rank test and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis were used to determine whether there was a significant difference between each selected demographic or clinical factors and recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves for each recurrence interval.The proportion of OSCC patients in clinical and TCGA with early recurrence was 93.6% and 84.4%, respectively. Age, chewing betel nut, previous radiotherapy, histopathological grading of the primary tumor (poorly differentiated), lymph node metastasis and postoperative infection were found to be associated with the timing of recurrence. It was found that tongue cancer has more regional recurrences, while buccal cancer is mostly local and loco-regional recurrences. The earlier the recurrence, the greater the possibility of local-regional recurrence and the worse the prognosis.Most of recurrent OSCC patients present early recurrence (< 18 months) with poor prognosis, and early recurrence is more prone to local recurrence. Moreover, recurrence site is related with primary site of OSCC.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.