大量证据表明，心血管疾病和癌症之间存在复杂的病理生理关系。线粒体是至关重要的细胞器，其优化活动由质量控制系统决定，该系统调节从中间代谢和钙信号传导到线粒体动力学、细胞死亡和线粒体噬菌作用等关键细胞事件。新出现的数据表明，受损的线粒体质量控制导致了发生在数种心脏疾病中的心肌功能障碍，包括心肌肥厚、心肌梗死、缺血/再灌注损伤和代谢性心肌病。另一方面，多种人类癌症也会破坏线粒体质量控制，促进其起始和发展，这表明调节线粒体稳态可能是心脏病学和肿瘤学中有前途的治疗策略。在本综述中，我们首先简要介绍了线粒体质量控制系统的生理机制，然后总结了对心血管疾病和癌症中线粒体功能失调影响的当前认识。我们还讨论了导致心血管并发症风险增加的主要当前抗癌策略背后的关键线粒体机制，并强调了旨在缓解与线粒体损伤相关的心脏功能障碍和肿瘤发生的策略的潜力。希望本综述能为减少心血管和癌症发病率和死亡率的精准医学方法提供新的见解。 © 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.