免疫疗法已成为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）治疗中备受关注的热点话题，并取得了显著的成功。与化疗患者相比，免疫疗法患者的5年生存率提高了3倍，分别为4%-5%和15%-16%。免疫疗法包括嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法、肿瘤疫苗、免疫检查点抑制剂等。其中，免疫检查点抑制剂受到关注。当前临床使用的常见免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）包括程序性死亡受体-1（PD-1）/程序性死亡配体-1（PD-L1）和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）。本文重点关注CTLA-4和PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂的单药治疗和联合治疗。特别是ICIs的联合治疗包括与化疗的联合、双重ICIs的联合、与抗血管生成药物的联合、与放疗的联合、与肿瘤疫苗的联合等。本文主要关注ICIs与化疗的联合治疗、双重ICIs的联合治疗以及ICIs与抗血管生成药物的联合治疗。在许多试验中，已经证明了ICIs作为单药在NSCLC中的疗效和安全性。然而，ICIs与化疗方案相结合，在NSCLC的治疗中具有显著优势而几乎没有明显增加毒性，而联合使用双重ICIs能够显著降低化疗的不良反应。ICIs与抗血管生成药物的联合方案提高了抗肿瘤活性和安全性，并有望成为治疗晚期NSCLC的新范式。尽管存在一些限制，但这些药物已取得了更好的总体生存率。本文回顾了近年来ICIs在NSCLC中的研究现状和进展，旨在更好地指导NSCLC患者的个体化治疗。版权所有 © 2023 Wang，Xia，Li，Gao and Fang。

Immunotherapy has emerged as a hot topic in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with remarkable success. Compared to chemotherapy patients, the 5-year survival rate for immunotherapy patients is 3-fold higher, approximately 4%-5% versus 15%-16%, respectively. Immunotherapies include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, tumor vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and so forth. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors are in the spotlight. Common immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) currently in clinical use include programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4). This article focuses on monotherapy and combination therapy of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. In particular, the combination therapy of ICIs includes the combination of ICIs and chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, the combination of ICIs and anti-angiogenic drugs, the combination of ICIs and radiotherapy, and the combination of ICIs inhibitors and tumor vaccines and so forth. This article focuses on the combination therapy of ICIs with chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, and the combination therapy of ICIs with anti-angiogenic drugs. The efficacy and safety of ICIs as single agents in NSCLC have been demonstrated in many trials. However, ICIs plus chemotherapy regimens offer significant advantages in the treatment of NSCLC with little to no dramatic increase in toxicity, while combined dual ICIs significantly reduce the adverse effects (AEs) of chemotherapy. ICIs plus anti-angiogenic agents regimen improves anti-tumor activity and safety and is expected to be the new paradigm for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Despite some limitations, these agents have achieved better overall survival rates. In this article, we review the current status and progress of research on ICIs in NSCLC in recent years, aiming to better guide the individualized treatment of NSCLC patients.Copyright © 2023 Wang, Xia, Li, Gao and Fang.