古老的医学系统把焦点放在草药疗法上，并发现其具有最低的副作用和可接受的治疗效果。在这种背景下，金合欢树在慢性疾病治疗中获得了重要地位，如癌症，皮肤病和慢性炎症性疾病。因此，我们选择进一步研究与糖尿病和炎症相关的金合欢树。本研究旨在评估化学诱导的实验大鼠中金合欢树的抗糖尿病活性并探索可能引起此活性的植物成分的性质。实验中，通过一次尾脉腹腔注射50毫克/公斤链脲佐菌素来诱导糖尿病的威斯特大鼠。动物经口服低剂量和高剂量的金合欢树（200和400毫克/公斤）处理10天。收集从后眼窝丛毛血管中获取的血液，分析血糖水平，胰岛素，脂联素，Keap1和Nrf2等参数。胰腺组织中的PPAR-γ，AMPK和GLUT2水平也进行了分析。此外，在实验结束时，动物被牺牲，胰腺组织切片用于组织病理学，形态计量学和免疫组织化学的探索。通过气相色谱质谱仪研究了植物的化学成分。给予较高剂量的金合欢树处理显著降低（**p < 0.001）血糖水平，并显著增加脂联素，PPARγ，Keap1，Nrf2，Glut 2和AMPK（**p < 0.001）。炎症因子TNFα也被测定，并且在经过药物处理的动物中显著降低（**p < 0.001）。此外，在胰腺组织中，使用金合欢树提取物进行亚慢性治疗显著改善了转氨酯的数量，面积和β细胞的数量。β-细胞的结构和功能也得到了改善。研究结果显示了金合欢树对血糖状态，炎症状况和胰腺组织结构的显著影响。通过GC-MS的鉴定和分离过程，注意到金合欢树含有一些植物化学成分，因此可能被认为是治疗2型糖尿病的有希望的药物。© 2023作者

The Ancient system of medicine showed the limelight on the use of herbal remedies and was found to possess minimal side effects and acceptable therapeutic outcomes. In this context, Prosopis juliflora gained importance in managing chronic diseases such as cancer, dermatological diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders. Hence, P. juliflora was selected for further investigation associated with diabetes and inflammation.The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity in chemically induced experimental rats and explore the nature of phytocomponents that may produce this activity.Experimentally, diabetes was induced by a single administration of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally in Wistar rats. The animals were treated orally with P. juliflora at low and high doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 10 days. Blood collected from the retro-orbital plexus was analyzed for parameters like blood glucose levels, insulin, adiponectin, Keap1 and Nrf2. PPAR-γ, AMPK and GLUT 2 levels were analyzed in the pancreatic tissue. Besides, at the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, and the pancreatic tissue sections were subjected for histopathological, morphometrical and immune histochemical exploration. The phytochemical composition of the plant was investigated by GC-MS.The administration of P. juliflora higher dose showed a significant decrease (**p< 0.001) in blood glucose levels with a rise in adiponectin, PPARγ, Keap1, Nrf2, Glut 2, and AMPK significantly (**p< 0.001). The inflammatory cytokine TNFα was also estimated and was found to be lowered significantly (**p< 0.001) in test drug-treated animals. Furthermore, in the pancreatic tissue, the number of Islets, the area, and the number of β-cells were improved significantly with the sub-chronic treatment of P. juliflora extract. The structure and function of β-cells were also revamped.The study results demonstrated a significant effect of P. juliflora on glycemic status, inflammatory condition, and the architecture of pancreatic tissue. In the identification and isolation process by GC MS, it was noticed that P. juliflora contained few phytochemical constituents from which it might be considered a promising drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus.© 2023 The Authors.