向日葵种子副产品是在提取种子油后获得的剩余产物。本研究对向日葵种子副产品乙醇提取物（HSE）在紫外线辐射（UVR）引起的人类免疫角质细胞（HaCaTs）和人类皮肤成纤维细胞（HSFs）损伤中的预防和修复效应进行了调查。结果显示，HSE中的总酚酸和寡糖含量超过50%。HSE对UVR引起的损伤具有较强的预防作用，而修复作用较弱。此外，酚酸是介导HSE预防作用的主要活性成分。在HaCaTs和HSFs中，HSE通过抑制过度ROS产生来预防UVR引起的损伤。它通过抑制ROS水平减少肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的分泌，从而减少炎症介导的对皮肤细胞的损伤。此外，HSE抑制MAPK-ERK/p38/JNK信号通路中各种mRNA激酶的表达，降低了激活蛋白-1（AP-1）mRNA的表达，进一步减少了基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-1、MMP-3和MMP-9的分泌，减轻了UVR引起的细胞损伤。总之，HSE是一种广谱、天然的高效低毒性紫外线过滤剂，具有潜力用于防晒产品。© 2023 Photobiology 说明：翻译过程中参考了《细菌学实验》（第13版）的相关章节和范例。

Helianthus annuus seed byproduct is a residual product obtained after seed oil extraction. The present study investigated the preventive and repair effects of the H. annuus seed byproduct ethanol extract (HSE) on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced injury in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). Results revealed that the total phenolic acid and oligosaccharide content in HSE was >50%. HSE had a stronger preventive effect on UVR-induced injury than the repair effect. Moreover, phenolic acids were the main active component of HSE mediating the preventative effect. In HaCaTs and HSFs, HSE prevented UVR-induced injury by inhibiting excessive ROS production. It reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by inhibiting the level of ROS, thus reducing inflammation-mediated injury to skin cells. In addition, HSE inhibited the expression of various mRNA kinases in the MAPK-ERK/p38/JNK pathway. This downregulated the expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) mRNA and further reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 as well as reduced UVR-induced injury to the cells. In conclusion, HSE is a broad-spectrum, natural UV filter with high efficiency and low toxicity that has the potential to be used in sunscreen products.© 2023 American Society for Photobiology.