肝脾血管性血吸虫病是热带国家中流行的地方病，与门静脉血栓形成高发相关。寄生虫感染和门静脉血栓形成所引起的炎症变化可能导致潜在的肝慢性病和肿瘤发生。本研究的目的在于评估患有血吸虫病的患者在长期随访期间的门静脉血栓形成和肝细胞癌的发病率。我们进行了一项回顾性研究，纳入了1990年至2021年间在我们机构随访的血吸虫病患者。共有126名血吸虫病患者参与了该研究。平均随访时间为16年（范围：5-31年）。在总数中，73名（57.9%）患者在随访期间出现了门静脉血栓形成。其中6名（8.1%）患者被诊断为肝细胞癌，所有这些患者都在十年前被诊断出患有门静脉血栓形成。血吸虫病患者合并慢性门静脉血栓形成的肝细胞癌的发病率强调了这组患者进行系统长期随访的重要性。

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is an endemic disease prevalent in tropical countries and is associated with a high incidence of portal vein thrombosis. Inflammatory changes caused by both parasitic infection and portal thrombosis can lead to the development of chronic liver disease with potential carcinogenesis.To assess the incidence of portal vein thrombosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with schistosomiasis during long-term follow-up.A retrospective study was conducted involving patients with schistosomiasis followed up at our institution between 1990 and 2021.A total of 126 patients with schistosomiasis were evaluated in the study. The mean follow-up time was 16 years (range 5-31). Of the total, 73 (57.9%) patients presented portal vein thrombosis during follow-up. Six (8.1%) of them were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, all with portal vein thrombosis diagnosed more than ten years before.The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with schistosomiasis and chronic portal vein thrombosis highlights the importance of a systematic long-term follow-up in this group of patients.