恶性肿瘤患者细菌引起的发热性中性粒细胞减少症（FN）与预后不良有关。本研究的目的是确定坦桑尼亚Ocean Road Cancer Institute（ORCI）接受化疗的癌症患者中FN的患病率和相关因素。本横断面研究于2019年6月至9月进行。研究参与者便利性地招募。对参与者的病历进行了桌面回顾。使用标准微生物学程序培养和鉴定呈现FN的参与者阳性血培养中的细菌分离物。使用Kirby-Bauer盘扩散法进行抗生素敏感性试验。数据录入和分析使用SPSS版本20.0和MS Excel软件。卡方检验用于评估各种因素与中性粒细胞减少症之间的关联。统计学上认为P值小于0.05表示有统计学差异。共招募了213名参与者。其中76.1%为女性。大多数参与者来自海岸地区。大多数参与者患有乳腺癌（36.2%）和消化道肿瘤（20.2%）。FN和细菌血症的患病率分别为5.6%和35.3%。葡萄球菌（60%）和凝血酶阴性葡萄球菌（40%）是主要的分离物。在对这6种分离物进行试验中，大多数对复方新诺明（4/6，66.7%）和多西环素（3/6，50%）表现出耐药性。FN与化疗方案（P = 0.0001）、血小板计数（P = 0.0001）和使用G-CSF（P = 0.0001）呈正相关。坦桑尼亚接受化疗的肿瘤患者中FN的患病率较低，但与耐药细菌相关。© 2023年。BioMed Central有限公司，Springer Nature的一部分。

Febrile Neutropenia (FN) caused by bacteria in cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FN and associated factors among cancer patients on chemotherapy at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Tanzania.A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2019. Study participants were conveniently recruited. A desk review of participants medical records was performed. Standard microbiological procedures used to culture and identify the bacterial isolates from the positive blood cultures of participants that presented with FN. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion was used to perform the antibiotics susceptibility testing. SPSS version 20.0 and MS Excel were used in data entry and analysis. Chi-Square was used as a measure of association between various factors and neutropenia. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.A total 213 participants were enrolled. Of these 76.1% were female. Most of the participants came from the Coast region. Majority of participants presented with breast Cancer (36.2%) and GIT (20.2%). The prevalence of FN and bacteremia was 5.6% and 35.3% respectively. Staphylococcus Aureus (60%) and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (40%) were the main isolates. Of the 6 isolates tested most were resistant to Co-Trimoxazole 4/6 (66.7%) and Doxycycline 3/6 (50%). FN was positively associated with chemotherapy regimen (P = 0.0001), platelets count (P = 0.0001) and use of G-CSF (P = 0.0001).The prevalence of FN among the cancer patients on chemotherapy in Tanzania is low but associated with drug-resistant bacteria.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.