New York食管癌1（NY-ESO-1）属于癌胚抗原家族（CTA）成员之一，并被鉴定为家族成员中最免疫原性的肿瘤相关抗原（TAAs）之一。由于其触发自发的体液和细胞免疫反应以及受限的表达能力，NY-ESO-1已成为癌症免疫治疗中最有前景的靶点之一。作为癌症免疫治疗重要组成部分的癌症疫苗，通过主要组织耐受性类II型（MHC-II）介导的外源性TAAs蛋白、肽和抗原表位对CD4+T细胞以及通过主要组织耐受性类I型（MHC-I）介导的外源性TAAs蛋白、肽和抗原表位对CD8+T细胞呈递，进一步增强由细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）和辅助T细胞介导的对TAAs的免疫反应。基于NY-ESO-1的癌症疫苗历经近20年的发展历程，从2003年开始进行首个临床试验。当前针对NY-ESO-1的癌症疫苗具有不同类型，包括树突状细胞（DC）疫苗、肽疫苗、蛋白质疫苗、病毒疫苗、细菌疫苗、治疗性整肿瘤细胞疫苗、DNA疫苗和mRNA疫苗，各自在开发和应用中展示出其优势和难题。本文总结了针对固体癌症治疗的NY-ESO-1靶向癌症疫苗的当前进展，旨在为未来研究提供展望。版权所有 © 2023 Zhou, Ma, Liu, Li, Qiao, Ren和Wang。

New York-esophageal cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen (CTA) family, and has been identified as one of the most immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) among the family members. Given its ability to trigger spontaneous humoral and cellular immune response and restricted expression, NY-ESO-1 has emerged as one of the most promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines, an important element of cancer immunotherapy, function by presenting an exogenous source of TAA proteins, peptides, and antigenic epitopes to CD4+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and to CD8+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). These mechanisms further enhance the immune response against TAAs mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T cells. NY-ESO-1-based cancer vaccines have a history of nearly two decades, starting from the first clinical trial conducted in 2003. The current cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 have various types, including Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines, peptide vaccines, protein vaccines, viral vaccines, bacterial vaccines, therapeutic whole-tumor cell vaccines, DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines, which exhibit their respective benefits and obstacles in the development and application. Here, we summarized the current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment, aiming to provide perspectives for future research.Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Ma, Liu, Li, Qiao, Ren and Wang.