17β-雌二醇在食品行业中被滥用。过量的17β-雌二醇能够扰乱内分泌系统，引发包括肥胖、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病和癌症在内的多种疾病。本研究基于碳点（CDs）和金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）开发了一种"开启"式荧光共振能量转移（FRET）适体传感器，用于检测17β-雌二醇。硫醇修饰的寡核苷酸与金纳米颗粒偶联，氨基修饰的寡核苷酸与碳点连接。17β-雌二醇适体与这两种寡核苷酸杂交，缩短了碳点与金纳米颗粒之间的距离。在360 nm紫外光激发下，碳点与金纳米颗粒之间发生了FRET。该系统呈现"关闭"状态。当检测到17β-雌二醇时，适体会特异性地结合到17β-雌二醇上，破坏了FRET系统，引发了"开启"现象。在浓度范围为400 pM至5.5 μM内，检测到了荧光强度的恢复。最低检测限（LOD）为245 pM。FRET适体传感器对于17β-雌二醇的检测表现出良好的选择性。在海盐样品中获得了合理的添加回收率。该传感器显示了在食品安全和环境应用中检测雌激素的潜力。This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

17β-estradiol is abused in the food industry. Excess 17β-estradiol can disturb the endocrine system or cause many diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, and cancers in the human body. A "turn-on" fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) aptasensor based on carbon dots (CDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for the detection of 17β-estradiol. A thiol-modified oligonucleotide was conjugated to AuNPs and amino modified oligonucleotide was linked to CDs. The 17β-estradiol aptamer was hybridized with the two oligonucleotides, shortening the distance between CDs and AuNPs. With 360 nm UV light excitation, FRET occurred between CDs and AuNPs. The system was "turn-off". When 17β-estradiol was detected, the aptamer specifically bound to 17β-estradiol, and the FRET system was destroyed, leading to the "turn-on" phenomenon. The fluorescence intensity recovery was detected in the concentration range of 400 pM to 5.5 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 245 pM. The FRET aptasensor demonstrated good selectivity for 17β-estradiol detection. Reasonable spiked recoveries were obtained in sea salt samples. It showed the potential for estrogen detection in food safety and environmental applications.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.