肝缺血再灌注损伤（HIRI）是肝脏手术和肝脏移植的主要并发症，可能会增加术后发病率、死亡率、肿瘤进展和转移的风险。近年来，人们对其潜在机制进行了广泛研究，其中包括氧化应激、炎症反应、免疫反应和细胞死亡等。非编码RNA（ncRNA）是指不编码蛋白质但可以调节基因表达的RNA分子。近年来，ncRNA已成为各种疾病的研究热点。在HIRI的进展过程中，ncRNA表达发生改变，而这些ncRNA的异常调节与HIRI中涉及的上述病理过程密切相关。ncRNA主要包括微型RNA（miRNA）、长链ncRNA和环状RNA，其中一些已被报道为早期诊断或评估肝损伤严重程度的生物标志物，以及减轻HIRI的治疗靶点。在这里，我们简要总结了HIRI的常见病理生理学，描述了动物和人的HIRI研究中涉及的ncRNA的当前认识，并讨论了ncRNA靶向治疗策略的潜力。由于临床试验的稀缺性，从临床前到临床应用仍有很长的路要走，还需要进一步研究来揭示它们作为治疗靶点的潜力。©作者2023. 百世登出版集团有限公司发表. 保留所有权利.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is the major complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation, that may increase the postoperative morbidity, mortality, tumor progression, and metastasis. The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated in recent years. Among these, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immunoreactions, and cell death are the most studied. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are defined as the RNAs that do not encode proteins, but can regulate gene expressions. In recent years, ncRNAs have emerged as research hotspots for various diseases. During the progression of HIRI, ncRNAs are differentially expressed, while these dysregulations of ncRNAs, in turn, have been verified to be related to the above pathological processes involved in HIRI. ncRNAs mainly contain microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, some of which have been reported as biomarkers for early diagnosis or assessment of liver damage severity, and as therapeutic targets to attenuate HIRI. Here, we briefly summarize the common pathophysiology of HIRI, describe the current knowledge of ncRNAs involved in HIRI in animal and human studies, and discuss the potential of ncRNA-targeted therapeutic strategies. Given the scarcity of clinical trials, there is still a long way to go from pre-clinical to clinical application, and further studies are needed to uncover their potential as therapeutic targets.©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.