自从发现髓系源性抑制性细胞（MDSCs）在癌症和其他病理情况下对免疫反应有抑制作用后，随后的研究者寄希望于其对自身免疫疾病中免疫损伤的抑制功能。然而，最近的研究发现了MDSC在癌症和自身免疫病中免疫效应的关键区别。这些不仅包括抑制和免疫耐受，MDSCs还具有促炎效应，在自身免疫病中加剧免疫失调，同时促进T细胞增殖，诱导Th17细胞分化，释放促炎细胞因子和直接引起组织损伤。此外，MDSCs还可以与周围细胞进行互动，直接引起组织损伤或修复，有时甚至作为疾病严重程度的炎症指标。MDSC的这些多样表现部分归因于MDSC的异质性，但并非全部。不同的疾病类型、疾病状态和细胞因子谱改变了MDSC的多样表型和功能，从而导致MDSC抑制的受损或Obversion。在本综述中，我们总结了MDSC在几种自身免疫疾病中的功能，并试图阐明其作用机制。© 2023. 作者。

Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found suppressing immune responses in cancer and other pathological conditions, subsequent researchers have pinned their hopes on the suppressive function against immune damage in autoimmune diseases. However, recent studies have found key distinctions of MDSC immune effects in cancer and autoimmunity. These include not only suppression and immune tolerance, but MDSCs also possess pro-inflammatory effects and exacerbate immune disorders during autoimmunity, while promoting T cell proliferation, inducing Th17 cell differentiation, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and causing direct tissue damage. Additionally, MDSCs could interact with surrounding cells to directly cause tissue damage or repair, sometimes even as an inflammatory indicator in line with disease severity. These diverse manifestations could be partially attributed to the heterogeneity of MDSCs, but not all. The different disease types, disease states, and cytokine profiles alter the diverse phenotypes and functions of MDSCs, thus leading to the impairment or obversion of MDSC suppression. In this review, we summarize the functions of MDSCs in several autoimmune diseases and attempt to elucidate the mechanisms behind their actions.© 2023. The Author(s).