化疗引起的周围神经病变（CIPN）导致了持续的负面感觉，成为癌症幸存者主要面临的慢性问题。先前研究表明，神经反馈（一种闭环脑机接口[BCI]）与等待名单对照（WLC）相比，在治疗CIPN方面具有显著疗效。作者预先设定的假设是BCI在缓解CIPN方面优于安慰剂反馈（安慰剂对照[PLC]）和WLC，并且脑活动的变化将预测症状报告。随机分配给三个条件的日期为2014年11月至2018年11月。未再接受治疗的乳腺癌幸存者在基线、20个治疗会话结束和1个月后进行评估。根据每个患者自身的脑电图信号来调整听觉和视觉奖励，并在20个会话中提供。治疗结束时的疼痛质量评估量表（PQAS）是主要结果，同时还检查了脑电图信号和1个月的数据。BCI组和PLC组报告了明显的症状减轻。BCI组与WLC组的效应量差异比PLC组更大（平均变化得分：BCI对WLC，-2.60对0.38；95%置信区间，-3.67，-1.46 [p = .000；效应量，1.07]；PLC组，-2.26；95%置信区间，-3.33，-1.19 [p = .001 vs. WLC；效应量，0.9]）。1个月后，仅BCI组的症状继续改善。治疗结束时的靶向脑变化仅预测了BCI组1个月后的症状。BCI是一种有希望的CIPN治疗方法，并且可能比安慰剂（非特异性BCI）效果更持久，这对于长期缓解症状至关重要。尽管在科学上具有趣味性，将真实治疗与安慰剂治疗分开的能力可能不如从不同角度理解安慰剂效应和干预效应重要。化疗引起的神经疼痛（神经病变）对癌症幸存者可能造成严重影响；然而，症状感受的方式取决于大脑如何解读身体神经传递的信号。我们确定通过直接与大脑合作，可以改变神经病变的知觉。在我们的试验中，幸存者玩了20个会话的一种设计用于改变大脑处理感觉和运动的视频游戏。在这第二次试验中，我们再次观察到了症状的显著改善，并且这种改善在治疗结束后仍持续存在。©2023美国癌症协会。

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) includes negative sensations that remain a major chronic problem for cancer survivors. Previous research demonstrated that neurofeedback (a closed-loop brain-computer interface [BCI]) was effective at treating CIPN versus a waitlist control (WLC). The authors' a priori hypothesis was that BCI would be superior to placebo feedback (placebo control [PLC]) and to WLC in alleviating CIPN and that changes in brain activity would predict symptom report.Randomization to one of three conditions occurred between November 2014 and November 2018. Breast cancer survivors no longer in treatment were assessed at baseline, at the end of 20 treatment sessions, and 1 month later. Auditory and visual rewards were given over 20 sessions based on each patient's ability to modify their own electroencephalographic signals. The Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS) at the end of treatment was the primary outcome, and changes in electroencephalographic signals and 1-month data also were examined.The BCI and PLC groups reported significant symptom reduction. The BCI group demonstrated larger effect size differences from the WLC group than the PLC group (mean change score: BCI vs. WLC, -2.60 vs. 0.38; 95% confidence interval, -3.67, -1.46 [p = .000; effect size, 1.07]; PLC, -2.26; 95% confidence interval, -3.33, -1.19 [p = .001 vs. WLC; effect size, 0.9]). At 1 month, symptoms continued to improve only for the BCI group. Targeted brain changes at the end of treatment predicted symptoms at 1 month for the BCI group only.BCI is a promising treatment for CIPN and may have a longer lasting effect than placebo (nonspecific BCI), which is an important consideration for long-term symptom relief. Although scientifically interesting, the ability to separate real from placebo treatment may not be as important as understanding the placebo effects differently from effects of the intervention.Chemotherapy-induced nerve pain (neuropathy) can be disabling for cancer survivors; however, the way symptoms are felt depends on how the brain interprets the signals from nerves in the body. We determined that the perception of neuropathy can be changed by working directly with the brain. Survivors in our trial played 20 sessions of a type of video game that was designed to change the way the brain processed sensation and movement. In this, our second trial, we again observed significant improvement in symptoms that lasted after the treatment was complete.© 2023 American Cancer Society.