皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）是全球第二常见的恶性肿瘤。在众多已知的危险因素中，免疫抑制是引发cSCC发展的一个重要因素。器官移植受体（OTR）在发展多发性cSCC方面的风险明显增加，且有向晚期转移性疾病倾向，导致重要的发病率和死亡率。OTR中cSCC表型的严重性突显了在这一人群中寻找有效的预防方式的紧迫性需求。尽管皮肤癌预防（如尼克酰胺）和治疗（如免疫检查点阻断）近年来取得了进展，但由于缺乏疗效或存在显著副作用，这些方法在OTR中的效用有限。针对前癌病变（如角化表皮病变）的局部治疗仍然是OTR中预防cSCC的主要策略，然而在这一人群中，这一策略也存在明显的不足之处。在此，我们综述了cSCC的流行病学、危险因素和当前的预防策略。我们突出了OTR高风险人群中cSCC风险的差距和未来的临床策略。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy in the world. Among many identified risk factors, immunosuppression is a major factor that contributes to cSCC development. Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at markedly increased risk of developing multiple cSCCs with a propensity for advanced metastatic disease, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The severity of the cSCC phenotype in OTRs highlights the urgent need to identify effective preventive modalities in this population. Despite recent advances in skin cancer prevention (e.g., nicotinamide) and treatment (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade), these modalities have limited utility in OTRs due to the lack of efficacy or significant side effect. Topical treatments against precancerous skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK), remain the primary strategy to prevent cSCC in OTRs, which also have significant deficiencies in this population. Herein, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, and current cSCC prevention strategies. We highlight the gaps and future clinical strategies to address cSCC risk in high-risk populations.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.