带状疱疹（HZ）是由带状疱疹病毒（VZV）的再活化引起的一种疾病。已有研究报告了多种疾病会增加患带状疱疹和带状疱疹后神经痛（PHN）的风险。本研究的目的是分析慢性呼吸道疾病中最常见的疾病（慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、肺癌和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停）中HZ和PHN的患病率和风险因素。我们在西班牙Castilla-La Mancha地区卫生系统的数据基础上，进行了一项观察性、回顾性、非干预性研究，时间跨度从2012年1月到2020年12月。我们使用Savana Manager 3.0人工智能系统从电子病历中收集信息。共有31765名患者被确诊患有HZ。平均年龄为64.5岁（95%置信区间64.3-64.7），其中58.2%为女性。HZ的患病率在50岁以上患者中呈增加趋势。在以COPD、哮喘、肺癌和OSA为研究对象的风险分析中，经过性别和合并症的校正后发现，前三种疾病患HZ的风险更高（分别为OR 1.16 [95%置信区间1.13-1.19]、1.67 [1.63-1.71]、1.68 [1.60-1.76]），而且在合并症存在时风险进一步增加。在带状疱疹后神经痛方面，仅观察到与COPD和肺癌相关的风险增加（分别为OR 1.24 [95%置信区间1.23-1.25]、1.14 [1.13-1.16]），在合并症存在时风险进一步增加。在标准临床实践环境中，最常见的呼吸道疾病（哮喘、COPD和肺癌）与HZ和PHN的风险更高有关。这些数据对评估针对该人群的疫苗接种潜在影响具有重要意义。版权© 2023 SEPAR。由Elsevier España，S.L.U.出版。保留所有权利。

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a condition that results from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Several diseases have been reported to increase the risk of developing HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence and risk factors for HZ and PHN in the most frequent chronic respiratory diseases, which are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).We conducted an observational, retrospective, non-interventional study between January 2012 and December 2020 based on data from the Castilla-La Mancha Regional Health System in Spain. We used the Savana Manager 3.0 artificial intelligence-enabled system to collect information from electronic medical records.31765 subjects presented a diagnosis of HZ. Mean age was 64.5 years (95%CI 64.3-64.7), and 58.2% were women. The prevalence of HZ showed an increasing trend in patients over the age of 50. A risk analysis adjusted for sex and comorbidities in COPD, asthma, lung cancer and OSA presented a higher risk of developing HZ in the first three (OR 1.16 [95%CI 1.13-1.19], 1.67 [1.63-1.71], 1.68 [1.60-1.76], respectively), which further increased in all three when associated with comorbidities. Regarding postherpetic neuralgia, an increased risk was only observed related to COPD and lung cancer (OR 1.24 [95%CI 1.23-1.25], 1.14 [1.13-1.16], respectively), further increasing when associated with comorbidities.In a standard clinical practice setting, the most prevalent respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD and lung cancer) are related to a higher risk of HZ and PHN. These data are fundamental to assess the potential impact of vaccination in this population.Copyright © 2023 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.