铁死亡是一种依赖于铁离子的调控性细胞死亡形式，具有独特的特征，包括铁稳态失衡、对氧化应激的防御能力下降以及异常的脂质过氧化反应。最近的研究提供了强有力的证据，支持铁死亡在许多疾病中扮演重要的致病角色，如多种癌症类型、神经退行性疾病、涉及组织和/或器官损伤的疾病，以及炎症性和传染性疾病。尽管在铁死亡的调控网络方面仍然存在许多未知，特别是对于各种疾病的起始和进展过程，但铁死亡被认为是进一步发展治疗和预防策略的明确目标。在过去的十年中，在开发用于治疗与铁死亡相关疾病的药物性激动剂和拮抗剂方面取得了相当大的进展。本文详细介绍了我们目前对于铁死亡、其在疾病进展过程中的病理作用以及其调控的了解。在重点介绍在临床前研究中针对铁死亡的化学工具应用方面，我们还总结了针对与铁死亡相关病理状况不断增多的领域中针对铁死亡的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了针对铁死亡作为治疗与铁死亡相关疾病的潜在策略的新挑战和机遇。© 2023.四川大学华西医院。

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death with distinct characteristics, including altered iron homeostasis, reduced defense against oxidative stress, and abnormal lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence supporting the notion that ferroptosis plays a key pathogenic role in many diseases such as various cancer types, neurodegenerative disease, diseases involving tissue and/or organ injury, and inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the precise regulatory networks that underlie ferroptosis are largely unknown, particularly with respect to the initiation and progression of various diseases, ferroptosis is recognized as a bona fide target for the further development of treatment and prevention strategies. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in developing pharmacological agonists and antagonists for the treatment of these ferroptosis-related conditions. Here, we provide a detailed overview of our current knowledge regarding ferroptosis, its pathological roles, and its regulation during disease progression. Focusing on the use of chemical tools that target ferroptosis in preclinical studies, we also summarize recent advances in targeting ferroptosis across the growing spectrum of ferroptosis-associated pathogenic conditions. Finally, we discuss new challenges and opportunities for targeting ferroptosis as a potential strategy for treating ferroptosis-related diseases.© 2023. West China Hospital, Sichuan University.