红花素是传统藏药藏红花的活性成分，具有潜在的抗癌活性。本研究旨在研究红花素对胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的治疗效果和机制。CCK-8、GBM脑器官培养共培养实验和三维肿瘤球侵袭分析表明，红花素能够抑制体外的GBM细胞增殖和侵袭。网络药理学、RNA-seq、分子对接分析、免疫印迹、凋亡和细胞周期实验预测和验证红花素能够促进GBM细胞凋亡和G2/M期阻滞，并抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路。体内实验表明，红花素能够单独或与TMZ联合抑制GBM细胞生长。本研究揭示了红花素在体内和体外抑制GBM细胞生长，促进GBM细胞凋亡和G2/M期阻滞，抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路，并与TMZ合作。版权所有 © 2023 杨、陆、孙、魏、曼、陈、罗、赵、刘、程、王、赵、王和李。

Safranal is an active component of the traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) saffron, which has potential anticancer activity.Here, we studied the therapeutic effect and mechanism of safranal on GBM. CCK-8, GBM-brain organoid coculture experiments and 3D tumour spheroid invasion assays showed that safranal inhibited GBM cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Network pharmacology, RNA-seq, molecular docking analysis, western blotting, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays predicted and verified that safranal could promote GBM cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest and inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. In vivo experiments showed that safranal could inhibit GBM cell growth alone and in combination with TMZ.This study revealed that safranal inhibits GBM cell growth in vivo and in vitro, promotes GBM cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and cooperate with TMZ.Copyright © 2023 Yang, Lu, Sun, Wei, Man, Chen, Luo, Zhao, Liu, Cheng, Wang, Zhao, Wang and Li.