鉴于住院儿科患者中侵袭性念珠菌病的高死亡率，建立一种预测系统以实现对可能从早期抗真菌治疗中获益的患者进行早期诊断和治疗至关重要。本研究旨在评估从高念珠菌菌落指数（CI）的儿科患者中分离的念珠菌菌株的种类分布、真菌感受性模式和抗真菌治疗评价指标。该研究在伊朗德黑兰的儿童医疗中心进行。共采集了来自83名患者的661个样本。根据以往研究的描述，计算了念珠菌CI。使用聚合酶链式反应技术鉴定菌株。使用临床和实验室标准协会（Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute）M60方案进行抗真菌药敏试验。29例（阳性样本的58%）证实CI大于0.5，其中两个患儿发展为念珠菌血症。白色念珠菌（n=53，占49.5%）是CI > 0.5患者中最常见的念珠菌种类。除了急性淋巴细胞白血病外，未将高指数与有菌携带儿童的其他危险因素联系起来（P > 0.05）。12株分离物（7.01%）具有多个抗-氮-醇类药物耐药性，对异维康唑和拉维康唑的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）较高，同时，7株菌株（4.09%）对青霉素类药物具有耐药性。在儿科重症监护单位中，患者易患真菌感染，特别是念珠菌血症。在本研究中，超过一半的阳性真菌培养儿童的CI > 0.5，其中6.8%发展成为念珠菌血症。 版权所有：© 2021，由伊朗医学科学大学出版，由伊朗医学真菌感染中心代表伊朗医学真菌学会出版。

Given the high mortality rate of invasive candidiasis in hospitalized pediatric patients, it is crucial to establish a predictive system to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of patients who are likely to benefit from early antifungal treatment. This study aimed to assess the Candida colonization index, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida strains isolated from pediatric patients with high Candida colonization index (CI).This study was carried out at the Children's Medical Center in Tehran-Iran. In total, 661 samples were collected from 83 patients. The Candida CI was calculated according to the descriptions of previous studies. The isolates were identified using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute protocol M60 was used to conduct the antifungal susceptibility test.A colonization index greater than 0.5 was confirmed in 29 cases (58% of positive samples) with two children developing candidemia. Candida albicans (n=53, 49.5%) was the most common Candida species in patients with CI > 0.5. Except for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, no risk factors were linked to a high index in colonized children (P > 0.05). Twelve isolates (7.01%) were multi-azole resistant with high MICs against both isavuconazole and ravuconazole and seven strains (4.09%) were echinocandins resistant.In pediatric intensive care units, patients are at risk of fungal infection, particularly candidemia. In this study, more than half of the children with positive yeast cultures had CI > 0.5, and 6.8% developed candidemia.Copyright: © 2021, Published by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences on behalf of Iranian Society of Medical Mycology and Invasive Fungi Research Center.