口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）发生在口腔粘膜上皮组织。它占据口腔恶性肿瘤的约90％并影响外观、发音、吞咽和味觉感知。全球报告了2020年377,713例OSCC病例。根据全球癌症观察（GCO），到2040年OSCC的发病率将上升约40％，并伴随着死亡率的增长。持续暴露于各种风险因素，包括烟草，酒精，槟榔和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV），将导致口腔潜在恶性疾患（OPMDs）的发展，这是口腔粘膜病变，其发展成为OSCC的风险增加。复杂而多因素的肿瘤发生过程涉及基因改变、表观遗传修饰和失调的肿瘤微环境。尽管提出了各种治疗干预措施，如化疗，放疗，免疫疗法和纳米医学，以预防或治疗OSCC和OPMDs，但了解恶性肿瘤的机制将有助于确定治疗和预后因素，从而提高OSCC患者的治疗效果。本综述总结了OSCC所涉及的机制。此外，还讨论了治疗OSCC和OPMDs的当前治疗干预措施和预后方法，以促进理解并为这些领域提供几个前景观点。© 2023. 四川大学华西口腔医学院。

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.© 2023. West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University.