基于病原体或肿瘤的抗原蛋白或表位的亚单位疫苗在免疫学精确性和高安全性方面具有优势，但往往受到其低免疫原性的限制。佐剂可以通过刺激免疫细胞或促进抗原递呈细胞（APCs）对抗原的摄取，来增强免疫应答，然而现有的临床佐剂在同时实现这两个功能方面存在困难。此外，抗原的空间组织可能对其免疫原性至关重要。因此，优良的佐剂应能有效刺激免疫系统、精确排列抗原并有效递送给APCs。最近，使用DNA纳米结构的独特可编辑性精确组织和递送抗原已被提出，为显著提高抗原的免疫原性提供了独特能力。在本综述中，我们将讨论使用DNA纳米结构作为自佐剂载体的原则，并综述这一领域的最新进展。自佐剂DNA纳米结构的潜力和挑战也将得到讨论。© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Subunit vaccines based on antigen proteins or epitopes of pathogens or tumors show advantages in immunological precision and high safety, but are often limited by their low immunogenicity. Adjuvants can boost immune responses by stimulating immune cells or promoting antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), yet existing clinical adjuvants struggle in simultaneously achieving these dual functions. Additionally, the spatial organization of antigens might be crucial to their immunogenicity. Hence, superior adjuvants should potently stimulate the immune system, precisely arrange antigens, and effectively deliver antigens to APCs. Recently, precisely organizing and delivering antigens with the unique editability of DNA nanostructures have been proposed, presenting unique abilities in significantly improved the immunogenicity of antigens. In this minireview, we will discuss the principles behind using DNA nanostructures as self-adjuvant carriers and review the latest advancements in this field. The potential and challenges associated with self-adjuvant DNA nanostructures would also be discussed.© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.