蛋白质组学是指将来自同一样本的全基因组、转录组和蛋白质组的细致测量结果进行整合研究的方法，目标是全面理解基因型到表型的调控过程，通常着重于更深入地了解疾病过程。尽管已知特定基因突变长期以来一直是多种癌症发展的驱动因素，但单独的基因突变并不能总是准确预测预后或靶向治疗的反应。蛋白质组学研究的好处在于从蛋白质及其对应的通路中获取的信息能够揭示治疗靶点，通过提供关于肿瘤的潜在机制和病理生理学的额外维度来补充基因组信息。本综述描述了从蛋白质组学分析中得到的肿瘤生物学和药物耐药性的新见解，同时强调蛋白质组学观察和技术分析工具的临床潜力以及进展。年度药理学与毒理学综述的第64卷的最终在线出版日期预计为2024年1月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates以获取修订后的估计日期。

Proteogenomics refers to the integration of comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic measurements from the same samples with the goal of fully understanding the regulatory processes converting genotypes to phenotypes, often with an emphasis on gaining a deeper understanding of disease processes. Although specific genetic mutations have long been known to drive the development of multiple cancers, gene mutations alone do not always predict prognosis or response to targeted therapy. The benefit of proteogenomics research is that information obtained from proteins and their corresponding pathways provides insight into therapeutic targets that can complement genomic information by providing an additional dimension regarding the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of tumors. This review describes the novel insights into tumor biology and drug resistance derived from proteogenomic analysis while highlighting the clinical potential of proteogenomic observations and advances in technique and analysis tools. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 64 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.