液滴可以封装细胞，以在隔离领域进行分析。研究几个或单个细胞的分子特征（包括基因、蛋白质和代谢物）对于识别关键亚群非常重要。然而，处理低浓度的生物分析物需要较长的孵育时间和扩增以获得所需的信号强度。此外，细胞裂解需要额外的化学裂解剂或热量，这可能干扰检测。在这里，我们利用液滴中的离子浓度极化（ICP）在直流电压偏置为30 V下，在2秒内迅速裂解乳腺癌细胞。数值模拟将细胞裂解归因于基于ICP的电场和剪切力。我们进一步实现了酶分析产物的浓缩倍增，浓缩倍增后反应速率增加了3.8倍。我们敏感的液滴内细胞分析技术为快速、高通量检测低丰度细胞内分析物提供了可能。

Droplets enable the encapsulation of cells for their analysis in isolated domains. The study of molecular signatures (including genes, proteins, and metabolites) from a few or single cells is critical for identifying key subpopulations. However, dealing with biological analytes at low concentrations requires long incubation times and amplification to achieve the requisite signal strength. Further, cell lysis requires additional chemical lysing agents or heat, which can interfere with assays. Here, we leverage ion concentration polarization (ICP) in droplets to rapidly lyse breast cancer cells within 2 s under a DC voltage bias of 30 V. Numerical simulations attribute cell lysis to an ICP-based electric field and shear stress. We further achieve up to 19-fold concentration enrichment of an enzymatic assay product resulting from cell lysis and a 3.8-fold increase in the reaction rate during enrichment. Our technique for sensitive in-droplet cell analysis provides scope for rapid, high-throughput detection of low-abundance intracellular analytes.