居留性记忆T（TRM）细胞嵌入于周围组织中，能够作为哨兵迅速应对重复的病原体接触，作为内源性抗微生物免疫反应的一部分。最近的证据表明，慢性抗原暴露和其他微环境信号可能在实体肿瘤中促进TRM细胞的发育，这种TRM表型可以将肿瘤特异性T细胞困在肿瘤中并使其脱离循环，从而导致系统性的抗肿瘤免疫能力有限。在这里，我们对已发表的英文文献进行回顾，并描述在感染和恶性状态下具有组织特异性的TRM细胞分化介质，特别关注TGF-β的作用，并探讨如何以TGF-β信号通路作为治疗方法来促进肿瘤系统性免疫。肿瘤中具有新抗原特异性的TRM细胞的存在与积极的临床预后和更强的免疫治疗应答能力相关。最近的证据表明，实体肿瘤可以作为肿瘤特异性TRM细胞的储库，并限制它们的循环-可能导致系统性的抗肿瘤免疫能力受损。TRM细胞利用特定机制从外周组织进入循环和其他外周部位，新兴证据表明，免疫治疗方法可能会启动这些过程并增加系统性的抗肿瘤免疫能力。在肿瘤手术切除或放疗前逆转肿瘤对肿瘤特异性T细胞的固定，可能会增加系统性的抗肿瘤免疫能力。这一发现可能是临床试验中新辅助免疫治疗观察到的无复发生存改善的基础。由Elsevier Ltd.发布。

Resident memory T (TRM) cells are embedded in peripheral tissue and capable of acting as sentinels that can respond quickly to repeat pathogen exposure as part of an endogenous anti-microbial immune response. Recent evidence suggests that chronic antigen exposure and other microenvironment cues may promote the development of TRM cells within solid tumors as well, and that this TRM phenotype can sequester tumor-specific T cells into tumors and out of circulation resulting in limited systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we perform a review of the published English literature and describe tissue-specific mediators of TRM cell differentiation in states of infection and malignancy with special focus on the role of TGF-β and how targeting TGF-β signaling could be used as a therapeutical approach to promote tumor systemic immunity.The presence of TRM cells with antigen specificity to neoepitopes in tumors associates with positive clinical prognosis and greater responsiveness to immunotherapy. Recent evidence indicates that solid tumors may act as reservoirs for tumor specific TRM cells and limit their circulation - possibly resulting in impaired systemic antitumor immunity. TRM cells utilize specific mechanisms to egress from peripheral tissues into circulation and other peripheral sites, and emerging evidence indicates that immunotherapeutic approaches may initiate these processes and increase systemic antitumor immunity.Reversing tumor sequestration of tumor-specific T cells prior to surgical removal or radiation of tumor may increase systemic antitumor immunity. This finding may underlie the improved recurrence free survival observed with neoadjuvant immunotherapy in clinical trials.Published by Elsevier Ltd.