知黄(学名：Portulaca oleracea L.)，俗称马齿笕，已在不同国家和地区的民族药学中有过记录。传统应用记录表明，知黄可能被广泛应用于治疗感冒、痢疾、泌尿道感染、咳嗽、眼部感染、皮肤问题、妇科疾病和儿科疾病。本文通过系统回顾知黄的传统用途、植物化学成分、药理活性和潜在用途，以提供对知黄资源的进一步开发的研究概览。本文以“Portulaca oleracea L.”和“purslane”为关键词，从PubMed、Web of Science、Springer、Science Direct、ACS、Wiley、CNKI、百度学术、谷歌学术和古代药材等不同数据库收集有关知黄的相关信息。知黄是短蕊科(Portulacaceae)的一员，全球范围内都有种植。中医认为，马齿笕具有明目、清除邪气、解渴、泻下、利尿、止血、调理气血、促进毛发生长、解毒和避邪等功效。近年来的植物化学研究表明，知黄是丰富的黄酮类、同苯异黄酮类、生物碱、有机酸、酯类、木素类、萜类、儿茶素类、甾醇类和脑苷脂的来源。马齿笕提取物或化合物表现出多种生物活性，如抗炎、免疫调节、抗微生物、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗癌、保肾、保肝、保胃、代谢调节、肌肉松弛、抗哮喘和抗骨质疏松等性质。马齿笕中富含重要的Ω-3脂肪酸、必需氨基酸、矿物质和维生素，也具有营养益处。马齿笕作为食品/饲料添加剂在食品工业和畜牧业中引起了关注。其全球分布和对非生物胁迫的耐受特性使其在未来农业的可持续发展中占据一定位置。基于传统用途、植物化学和药理活性，知黄是一种具有多种药理作用的潜在药用和食用植物。由于马齿笕的各种优点，它在食品和制药行业以及畜牧业中可能具有广泛的应用潜力。版权所有 © 2023. 由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Portulaca oleracea L. (PO), popularly known as purslane, has been documented in ethnopharmacology in various countries and regions. Traditional application records indicated that PO might be used extensively to treat the common cold, dysentery, urinary tract infections, coughing, eye infections, skin problems, gynecological diseases, and pediatric illnesses.This paper includes a systematic review of the traditional usage, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity, and potential uses of PO to provide an overview of the research for further exploitation of PO resources.This article uses "Portulaca oleracea L." and "purslane" as the keywords and collects relevant information on PO from different databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, and ancient meteria medica.PO is a member of the Portulacaceae family and is grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that purslane has the effect of improving eyesight, eliminating evil qi, quenching thirst, purgation, diuresis, hemostasis, regulating qi, promoting hair growth, detoxifying, and avoiding epidemic qi. Recent phytochemical investigations have shown that PO is a rich source of flavonoids, homoisoflavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, esters, lignans, terpenoids, catecholamines, sterols, and cerebrosides. The purslane extracts or compounds have exhibited numerous biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, metabolic, muscle relaxant, anti-asthmatic and anti-osteoporosis properties. The significant omega-3 fatty acids, vital amino acids, minerals, and vitamins found in purslane also provide nutritional benefits. Purslane as a food/feed additive in the food industry and animal husbandry has caused concern. Its global wide distribution and tolerance to abiotic stress characteristics make it in the future sustainable development of agriculture a certain position.Based on traditional usage, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activity, PO is a potential medicinal and edible plant with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to purslane's various advantages, it may have vast application potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries and animal husbandry.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.