有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase，MAPK）是最广泛研究的一条细胞信号通路，控制着细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等基本生命过程。这些细胞功能是由调控基因的转录所决定的，这些基因受到MAP 激酶信号级联的影响和调控。MAP 激酶组分包括受体酪氨酸激酶（RTKs）等成分，它们感知外界刺激或配体，通过RAS-Raf、MEK 和 ERK 等多个蛋白质复合物传递这些信号，并最终调节细胞核内的转录因子，以诱导转录及其他调控功能。这个信号通路的异常激活和失调，以及这些组分中的遗传变异，都会导致发育障碍、癌症以及神经退行性疾病。多年来，MAPK 信号通路一直作为药理学上的重要靶点，用于治疗与基因相关的复杂人类疾病，如癌症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症。本文回顾了MAPK 通路在基因表达调控中的机制，并从疾病的角度对MAPK 组分的机制理解的最新进展进行了讨论。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier B.V.出版。

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) is one of the most well characterized cellular signaling pathways that controls fundamental cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. These cellular functions are consequences of transcription of regulatory genes that are influenced and regulated by the MAP-Kinase signaling cascade. MAP kinase components such as Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) sense external cues or ligands and transmit these signals via multiple protein complexes such as RAS-Raf, MEK, and ERKs and eventually modulate the transcription factors inside the nucleus to induce transcription and other regulatory functions. Aberrant activation, dysregulation of this signaling pathway, and genetic alterations in any of these components results in the developmental disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Over the years, the MAPK pathway has been a prime pharmacological target, to treat complex human disorders that are genetically linked such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The current review re-visits the mechanism of MAPK pathways in gene expression regulation. Further, a current update on the progress of the mechanistic understanding of MAPK components is discussed from a disease perspective.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.