变化的身体组成可能影响结直肠癌（CRC）患者癌症复发、继发癌症和其他慢性疾病的风险。对于身体组成的变化，如低肌肉量或高脂肪量的干预措施是饮食和体力活动。然而，有关单独饮食干预对如何影响身体组成的证据有限。本研究旨在调查6个月和12个月以挪威食品为基础的饮食指南为重点的饮食干预对结直肠癌I-III期术后患者体重和身体组成的影响。本研究纳入了CRC-NORDIET研究手术后2-9个月的随机对照试验的参与者。干预组接受密集的饮食干预，而对照组进行了类似的测量，但没有饮食干预。使用Lunar iDXA测量了身体组成，并使用线性混合模型进行了分析。总共纳入了383名参与者，其中干预组192名，对照组191名。经过6个月，干预组的平均体重增长较对照组低0.7千克（p = 0.020），脂肪质量增长较对照组低0.6千克（p = 0.019），但在12个月时没有差异。此外，干预组的脂肪质量增加较对照组在6个月时低了0.5个百分点（p = 0.012），在12个月时低了0.7个百分点（p = 0.011）。在6个月时，与对照组相比，干预组腹部脂肪组织的增长较低63克（p = 0.031）。在任何时间点上，脂肪无水组织或皮下脂肪组织没有差异。干预组在6个月（p = 0.025）和12个月（p = 0.021）时的脂肪质量与脂肪无水组织比例的增长较低。饮食干预减少了总体体重和脂肪质量的增长，而未改变脂肪无水组织。尽管个别变化很小，但饮食干预可能导致整体上更有利的身体组成特征。这些发现表明，饮食干预可能是预防结直肠癌幸存者体重和脂肪质量增长的治疗策略的一部分。版权所有 © 2023 作者（们）。由 Elsevier Ltd. 发布。版权所有。

Changes in body composition may affect colorectal cancer (CRC) patient's risk of cancer recurrence, secondary cancer, and other chronic diseases. The suggested interventions for changes in body composition such as low muscle mass or high fat mass, are diet and physical activity. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence of how dietary intervention alone can impact body composition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 6 and 12 month dietary intervention with a focus on healthy eating according to Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines on weight and body composition in patients with CRC stage I-III, post-surgery.This study included participants from the randomized controlled trial CRC-NORDIET study 2-9 months after surgery. The intervention group received an intensive dietary intervention, while the control group underwent similar measurements, but no dietary intervention. Body composition was measured with Lunar iDXA, and the results were analyzed using linear mixed models.A total of 383 participants were included, 192 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group. After 6 months, the intervention group showed a 0.7 kg lower mean weight gain (p = 0.020) and 0.6 kg lower fat mass gain (p = 0.019) than the control group, but no difference at 12 months. Moreover, the fat mass increase was 0.5 percentage points lower at 6 months (p = 0.012), and 0.7 percentage points lower at 12 months (p = 0.011) in the intervention group compared to the controls. At 6 months, the intervention group had 63 g lower gain of visceral adipose tissue compared to the control group (p = 0.031). No differences were seen for fat-free mass or subcutaneous adipose tissue at any time point. The intervention group showed a lower increase in the ratio between fat mass and fat-free mass at both 6 months (p = 0.025) and 12 months (p = 0.021).The dietary intervention reduced the increases in total weight and fat masses, without changing fat-free mass. Although the individual changes are small, the dietary intervention may have resulted in an overall more favourable body composition profile. These findings suggest that dietary intervention may be part of a treatment strategy for prevention of weight and fat mass gain in CRC survivors.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.