肾脏疾病仍然是人类死亡的主要原因之一，给医疗系统带来了沉重的负担。调节细胞死亡对众多肾脏疾病的病理过程做出了贡献。最近，通过对肾脏疾病和细胞死亡的深入研究，发现了一种新的依赖铁的细胞死亡方式，称为铁死亡，已引起了肾脏疾病发病机制和治疗方法方面研究者的高度关注。大多数研究表明，铁死亡在多种肾脏疾病的病理过程中起到了重要作用，如急性肾损伤（AKI）、慢性肾脏病和肾细胞癌。在本综述中，我们总结了最近发现的铁死亡的调控分子机制，讨论了铁死亡在各种肾脏疾病中的途径和作用机制，并描述了铁死亡抑制剂在肾脏疾病，特别是AKI方面的保护效果。通过总结铁死亡在不同肾脏疾病中的显著作用和在研究铁死亡方面取得的进展，我们为未来肾脏疾病研究提供了新的方向和策略。总之，铁死亡因子是减轻不同肾脏疾病的潜在治疗靶点，并且瞄准它们可能为肾脏疾病患者提供新的治疗方案。©2023. 作者。

Kidney diseases remain one of the leading causes of human death and have placed a heavy burden on the medical system. Regulated cell death contributes to the pathology of a plethora of renal diseases. Recently, with in-depth studies into kidney diseases and cell death, a new iron-dependent cell death modality, known as ferroptosis, has been identified and has attracted considerable attention among researchers in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and therapeutics to treat them. The majority of studies suggest that ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathologies of multiple kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. In this review, we summarize recently identified regulatory molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, discuss ferroptosis pathways and mechanisms of action in various kidney diseases, and describe the protective effect of ferroptosis inhibitors against kidney diseases, especially AKI. By summarizing the prominent roles of ferroptosis in different kidney diseases and the progress made in studying ferroptosis, we provide new directions and strategies for future research on kidney diseases. In summary, ferroptotic factors are potential targets for therapeutic intervention to alleviate different kidney diseases, and targeting them may lead to new treatments for patients with kidney diseases.© 2023. The Author(s).