改变小胶质细胞的反应可能成为减少与阿尔茨海默病相关的神经炎症的靶点。在本研究中，我们提出果渣橄榄油中的亲脂性生物活性分子（POO），通过三酰甘油富集脂蛋白（TRLs）输送，能够调节小胶质细胞中的高油酸葵花籽油（HOSO，点）或果渣橄榄油（POO，条纹）。为了证明这个假设，我们在18名健康年轻女性中进行了随机交叉餐后试验。与果渣橄榄油（POO）相比，高油酸葵花籽油（HOSO）是一种常见的膳食油，与POO具有几乎相同的脂肪酸组成，但缺乏具有明确抗氧化和抗炎活性的特定生物分子。在基线和餐后2小时和4小时时，从血液中分离出TRLs，并用于处理BV-2细胞，以评估其调节小胶质细胞功能的能力。我们发现，摄入POO会形成能够调节小胶质细胞中的炎症反应的餐后TRLs，与HOSO相比。TRL衍生的POO减少了BV-2细胞中促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素1β和6）和一氧化氮的释放，并下调了编码这些细胞因子和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的基因。此外，POO的摄入对于健康女性稍微改善了餐后血糖控制和TRL清除能力，与HOSO相比。总之，我们证明了摄入POO会导致餐后TRLs含有亲脂性生物活性化合物，能够调节小胶质细胞激活引发的炎症反应。

Modulation of microglial response could be a target to reduce neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we propose that lipophilic bioactive molecules present in pomace olive oil (POO), transported in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), are able to modulate microglial high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO, points) or pomace olive oil (POO, stripes). In order to prove this hypothesis, a randomized crossover postprandial trial was performed in 18 healthy young women. POO was assayed in opposition to high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO), a common dietary oil which shares with POO an almost identical fatty acid composition but lacks certain biomolecules with recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. TRLs were isolated from blood at the baseline and 2 and 4 hours postprandially and used to treat BV-2 cells to assess their ability to modulate the microglial function. We found that the intake of POO leads to the constitution of postprandial TRLs that are able to modulate the inflammatory response in microglia compared to HOSO. TRL-derived POO reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukins 1β and 6) and nitric oxide and downregulated genes codifying for these cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in BV-2 cells. Moreover, the ingestion of POO by healthy women slightly improved glycemic control and TRL clearance throughout the postprandial phase compared to HOSO. In conclusion, we demonstrated that consuming POO results in postprandial TRLs containing lipophilic bioactive compounds capable of regulating the inflammatory response prompted by microglial activation.