由于其独特的物理化学特性，纳米颗粒已被公认为生物医学应用中有效的多功能工具，且其设计和成分可根据特定用途进行调整。值得注意的是，磁性纳米颗粒以其铁基成分所提供的多种模态而脱颖而出。长期以来，它们一直被用作磁共振成像（MRI）的对比剂，或者通过高频磁场应用产生治疗性高温的抗癌剂，即磁致热疗法（MHT）。本综述主要关注在肿瘤学中使用铁基纳米材料进行的两种较新应用：光热疗法（PTT）和铁磷酸盐疗法。在PTT中，铁氧化物核心对近红外（NIR）激发产生热量，并在周围区域产生热量，达到与光学纳米颗粒相媲美的效率。这为单一纳米材料实现双重MHT + PTT方法打开了可能性。此外，磁性纳米颗粒的铁含量可以被利用为化疗的资产。在细胞内部环境中的降解会触发铁离子的释放，它们可以刺激活性氧自由基（ROS）的产生，并通过铁磷酸盐诱导癌细胞死亡。因此，本综述强调了通过磁性纳米颗粒实现的这些新兴物理化学方法在抗癌治疗中的作用，综合了多种功能。

With their distinctive physicochemical features, nanoparticles have gained recognition as effective multifunctional tools for biomedical applications, with designs and compositions tailored for specific uses. Notably, magnetic nanoparticles stand out as first-in-class examples of multiple modalities provided by the iron-based composition. They have long been exploited as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or as anti-cancer agents generating therapeutic hyperthermia through high-frequency magnetic field application, known as magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). This review focuses on two more recent applications in oncology using iron-based nanomaterials: photothermal therapy (PTT) and ferroptosis. In PTT, the iron oxide core responds to a near-infrared (NIR) excitation and generates heat in its surrounding area, rivaling the efficiency of plasmonic gold-standard nanoparticles. This opens up the possibility of a dual MHT + PTT approach using a single nanomaterial. Moreover, the iron composition of magnetic nanoparticles can be harnessed as a chemotherapeutic asset. Degradation in the intracellular environment triggers the release of iron ions, which can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cancer cell death through ferroptosis. Consequently, this review emphasizes these emerging physical and chemical approaches for anti-cancer therapy facilitated by magnetic nanoparticles, combining all-in-one functionalities.