经支气管内超声引导的穿刺活检（EBUSTBNA）是一种微创诊断工具，用于评估纵隔淋巴结肿大。这是一种安全的程序，但可能出现出血和感染等并发症。我们报告了一例患者在EBUSTBNA后出现皮下脓肿和纵隔炎的病例。一名75岁的男性患者有右肾癌和肺腺癌病史，接受EBUS-TBNA评估右侧上气道旁淋巴结。手术后两周，患者出现紧张性皮肤和红斑在右锁骨区。进行了非对比颈部和胸部CT扫描，发现右锁骨区广泛的皮下脓肿，延伸至锁骨上区域。患者住院治疗，开始经验性静脉抗生素治疗以治疗深部颈部感染。反复引流皮下脓肿。细菌学检查显示链球菌。患者经抗生素治疗后病情好转,超声随访显示脓肿大小减小，并于入院约四周后出院。虽然十分罕见，但EBUSTBNA后可能会发生严重的感染并发症，我们的病例报告是其管理过程的重要范例。

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUSTBNA) is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool used for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. It is a safe procedure, but complications such as bleeding and infection may occur. We report a case of a patient who developed a subcutaneous abscess abscess and mediastinitis after EBUSTBNA. A 75-year-old male with a history of right nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma history underwent EBUS-TBNA for the evaluation of a right upper paratracheal lymph node. Two weeks after the procedure, the patient presented to the emergency department with skin induration and erythema on the right clavicular area. A non-contrast neck and thorax CT scan was performed, which revealed an extensive subcutaneous abscess on the right clavicular area, extending to the supraclavicular region. The patient was hospitalized, and empirical intravenous antibiotics were initiated due to deep neck infection. Repeated drainage of the subcutaneous abscess was performed. Bacteriologic examination revealed Streptococcus mitis. The patient showed improvement with antibiotic treatment, and a follow-up ultrasound showed a decrease in the size of the abscess and was discharged approximately four weeks after hospitalization. Although very rare, serious infectious complications may develop after EBUSTBNA, and our case report is an important example regarding its management process.