癌症由于其巨大的全球社会经济影响而继续成为重大关切，除了各种癌症类型的发病率持续增加之外。这种疾病所带来的一个重大挑战是“早期检测”率较低，限制了受影响个体的治疗结果。目前的研究突出了早期癌症检测的生物标志物的发现以及用于检测和定量这些生物标志物的技术的开发。生物标志物的范围从蛋白质到核酸，可以针对特定的癌症类型。通过生物传感器的发展以及使用肿瘤芯片模型等生物医学工程技术，从生物样本中检测和定量这些生物标志物的低水平正在成为可能。在这里，我们介绍了对乳腺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、肺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌早期检测有帮助的生物标志物。此外，我们讨论了循环肿瘤细胞DNA (ctDNA) 作为早期诊断标记物的潜力。最后，我们讨论了生物传感器的进展，它是该领域最近的一项进展，用于检测癌症生物标志物。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier GmbH。保留所有权利。

Cancers continue to be of major concern due to their serious global socioeconomic impact, apart from the continued increase in the incidence of various cancer types. A major challenge that this disease poses is due to the low "early detection" rates which limit the therapeutic outcomes for the affected individuals. Current research has highlighted the discovering biomarkers that help in early cancer detection and the development of technologies for the detection and quantification of such biomarkers. Biomarkers range from proteins to nucleic acids, and can be specific to a particular cancer type. Detection and quantification of such biomarkers at low levels from biological samples is being made possible by the advent of developing biosensors and by using biomedical engineering technologies such as tumor-on-a-chip models. Here, we present biomarkers that can be helpful for the early detection of breast, colorectal, esophageal, lung, liver, ovarian, and prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential of circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) as an early diagnostic marker. Finally, biosensors available for the detection of cancer biomarkers, which is a recent advancement in this area of research, are discussed.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.