炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性特发性炎症性疾病，影响整个胃肠道，并与结直肠癌的增加风险相关。主流的临床测试方法耗时长，对患者痛苦，且敏感性不足以检测早期症状。目前，IBD没有明确的治愈方法，且长期服用可能产生严重副作用的药物可能会影响患者的反应。近年来，纳米材料因其多样的结构、组成以及物理和化学特性而显示出在IBD治疗方面的巨大潜力。在本综述中，我们概述了近五年来基于纳米材料的IBD诊断和治疗的进展。为IBD诊断开发了多功能生物纳米平台，包括对比剂、近红外荧光探针和生物活性物质检测剂。基于一系列IBD的病理特征，系统介绍了基于纳米材料的抗氧化剂、抗炎剂和肠道菌群调节的IBD治疗策略。最后，提出了该领域未来的挑战和前景，以促进IBD诊断和治疗的发展。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder that affects the entire gastrointestinal tract and is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Mainstream clinical testing methods are time-consuming, painful for patients, and insufficiently sensitive to detect early symptoms. Currently, there is no definitive cure for IBD, and frequent doses of medications with potentially severe side effects may affect patient response. In recent years, nanomaterials have demonstrated considerable potential for IBD management due to their diverse structures, composition, and physical and chemical properties. In this review, we provide an overview of the advances in nanomaterial-based diagnosis and treatment of IBD in recent five years. Multi-functional bio-nano platforms, including contrast agents, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes, and bioactive substance detection agents have been developed for IBD diagnosis. Based on a series of pathogenic characteristics of IBD, the therapeutic strategies of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal microbiome regulation of IBD based on nanomaterials are systematically introduced. Finally, the future challenges and prospects in this field are presented to facilitate the development of diagnosis and treatment of IBD.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.