肿瘤不与有机体隔离存在；其生长、增殖、运动能力和免疫抑制反应与肿瘤的微环境密切相关。随着肿瘤细胞和微环境的共同进化，产生了一个炎症微环境，推动了由现代医学提出的炎症-癌症转化现象。本综述旨在概括肿瘤炎症微环境中一系列具有代表性的因子，如白细胞介素（IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、IL-1β）、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）。此外，借鉴了中医药学和药理学方面的研究，我们探讨了这些因子与肿瘤相关的炎症细胞之间的微妙相互作用：肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）、骨髓源性抑制细胞（MDSCs）、肿瘤相关中性粒细胞（TANs）和树突状细胞（DCs）。通过分析这些因素对肿瘤促进的效应，我们深入探讨了童晓林院士的“状态靶向分化”新模型的内涵及其在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中的应用。我们的目标是增强临床实践中肿瘤治疗的准确性和针对性。通过现代医学的视角深入了解肿瘤发病机制，我们从整个肿瘤发展阶段的关键病因和病理机制中揭示了中医（CM）状态的演变模式：火热状态→痰湿状态→郁滞状态→虚弱状态。在此基础上，我们设计了一个调节状态的方剂。同时，借鉴中医药学的药理研究，我们细致地确定了一系列能有效调节上述与肿瘤相关的介质的靶向药物。这种综合策略-状态识别、靶向识别和同时调节的和谐结合-旨在提高临床疗效。中医与西医在肿瘤治疗中的融合为中医在临床实践中的准确、精细应用引入了新的维度。©2023。国际中医药学会和BioMed Central有限公司。

Tumours do not exist in isolation from the organism; their growth, proliferation, motility, and immunosuppressive response are intricately connected to the tumour's microenvironment. As tumour cells and the microenvironment coevolve, an inflammatory microenvironment ensues, propelling the phenomenon of inflammation-cancer transformation-an idea proposed by modern medicine. This review aims to encapsulate the array of representative factors within the tumour's inflammatory microenvironment, such as interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, drawing upon research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and pharmacology, we explore the delicate interplay between these factors and tumour-associated inflammatory cells: tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) and dendritic cells (DCs). By analyzing the tumour-promoting effects of these entities, we delve into the connotations of Academician Tong Xiao-lin's novel model of "state-target differentiation" and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of tumours. Our aim is to enhance the precision and targeting of tumour treatment in clinical practice. Delving deeper into our understanding of tumour pathogenesis through the lens of modern medicine, we discern the key etiology and pathogenesis throughout the entire developmental stage of tumours, unveiling the evolutionary patterns of Chinese Medicine (CM) states: heat state → phlegm state → stagnation state → deficiency state. Building upon this foundation, we devised a state-regulating formula. Simultaneously, drawing on pharmacological research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), we meticulously identified a range of targeted drugs that effectively modulate the aforementioned tumour-related mediators. This comprehensive strategy-a harmonious integration of state identification, target recognition, and simultaneous regulation-aims to elevate clinical efficacy. The fusion of TCM with Western medicine in tumour treatment introduces novel dimensions to the precise and refined application of TCM in clinical practice.© 2023. International Society for Chinese Medicine and BioMed Central Ltd.