Alloferon-1是一种昆虫多肽，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性。本研究旨在确定Alloferon-1对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松的影响，并利用去卵巢模型（OVX）-诱导的骨质疏松小鼠模型探索相关机制。结果显示，Alloferon-1可以预防去卵巢引起的体重增加、骨量丢失和骨矿物质含量降低，影响骨转换的生化标志物，并恢复骨小梁的微结构。此外，Alloferon-1抑制了去卵巢介导的炎症细胞因子在脊椎骨组织中的表达，包括核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体家族脓斑域蛋白3（NLRP3）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异蛋白酶-1（Caspase-1）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素18（IL-18），通过免疫荧光染色和Western blot分析进行检测。总之，本研究提供了Alloferon-1对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松的有效性证据，表明其可能作为一种治疗绝经后骨质疏松（PMOP）的替代药物或辅助调节因子。版权所有© 2023年Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Alloferon-1 is an insect polypeptide that has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral activity. This study aimed to determine the effects of alloferon-1 on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and explore the associated mechanism using a murine model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Results showed that alloferon-1 prevented ovariectomy‑induced body weight gain, bone loss and bone mineral content reduction, affected biochemical markers of bone turnover, and restored the microstructure of bone trabeculae. Moreover, alloferon-1 suppressed the expression of the ovariectomy‑mediated inflammatory cytokines in the vertebrae bone tissues, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) which were determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Overall, the present study provides evidence for the effectiveness of alloferon-1 against estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, suggesting an alternative drug or an auxiliary modulator for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP).Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.