2023年，丹麦一家三级医疗中心进行的一项回顾性研究对785位2009年至2019年间经过膀胱癌根治术的患者进行了报道，旨在报告感染相关再住院中检测到的微生物病原体以及它们对抗微生物药物的敏感性。所有患者在手术前都接受了头孢噻肟的预防性应用，并在拆除尿管或导尿管时给予了氨苄西林。通过国家医疗记录和微生物学数据库收集了数据。主要观察指标是再住院率和感染相关再住院中检测到的病原体。进行了单变量和多变量回归分析以确定再住院的危险因素。在手术后90天内，有225例（29%）患者经历了至少一次感染相关再住院。最常见的检测到的病原体是肠球菌属（占所有阳性样本的24%）。在血培养中，最主要的物种是大肠杆菌（29%）和葡萄球菌属（26%）。由于检测到的微生物物种的异质性，超过三分之一的检测到梅西林胺耐药的细菌显示出了多重耐药性。大多数分离菌株对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦具有敏感性。与回肠导管相比，正位新膀胱和大肠皮囊储存器与感染相关的再住院风险最高（其比值比分别为2.78[95%CI 1.66;4.65]和3.08[95%CI 1.58;5.98]）。与无糖尿病的患者相比，糖尿病患者患感染相关的再住院的风险增加（其比值比为1.67[95%CI 1.02;2.73]）。结论：近三分之一的患者经历了至少一次术后感染相关的再住院，微生物因素具有广泛性。本研究的结果具有一定的不确定性，但数据可以用于计划抗生素预防干预试验。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

To report microbial pathogens detected at infection-related readmissions, including their susceptibility to antimicrobials.A retrospective review of 785 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer at a tertiary centre in Denmark between 2009 and 2019. All patients received prophylactic cefuroxime preoperatively and pivmecillinam at stent- or catheter removal. Data was collected through the national medical records and microbiology database. The primary outcome was readmission rate and pathogens detected at infection-related readmissions. Uni- and multivariable regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors of readmission.Within 90 days of surgery, 225 (29%) patients experienced at least one infection-related readmission. The most common pathogen identified was Enterococcus spp (24% of all positive samples). In blood cultures, the most dominant species were Escherichia coli (29%) and Staphylococcus spp (26%). Due to the heterogeneity in microbial species identified, more than one third of the bacteria where mecillinam was tested showed resistance. Most isolates were susceptible to piperacillin+tazobactam. Orthotopic neobladder and continent cutaneous reservoir were associated with the highest risk of infection-related readmission compared to ileal conduit (odds ratios 2.78 [95%CI 1.66;4.65] and 3.08 [95%CI 1.58;5.98], respectively). Patients with diabetes had an increased risk of infection-related readmission compared to patients without diabetes (odds ratio 1.67 [95%CI 1.02;2.73]) CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one third of all patients experienced at least one postoperative infection-related readmission with a wide range of microbial aetiologies. Generalisability of our results is uncertain, but the data can be used to plan interventional trials of antibiotic prophylaxis.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.