癌症是一种严重的致命疾病，由细胞无限制生长引起，是医学和健康领域面临的最大挑战。传统上，放射疗法、化学疗法和替代癌症疗法等各种治疗策略使用的药物无法到达癌组织，并对非癌细胞产生毒性。癌症免疫疗法在降低癌症发生几率方面取得了卓越成就。我们对癌细胞免疫应答以及免疫细胞杀死癌细胞的机制的关注逐渐在新疗法的发展中发挥了作用。其中，基于细菌的癌症免疫疗法由于其智能和强大的机制在激活宿主抗肿瘤反应方面受到了更多关注。此外，基于细菌的疗法可以作为单一单一疗法或与多种抗癌免疫疗法联合使用，加速获得临床疗效。在本文中，我们全面回顾了基于细菌的癌症免疫疗法的最新进展、挑战和未来展望。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Cancer, a serious fatal disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells, is the biggest challenge flagging around medicine and health fields. Conventionally, various treatments-based strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies possess drugs that cannot reach the cancerous tissues and make them toxic to noncancerous cells. Cancer immunotherapy has made outstanding achievements in reducing the chances of cancer. Our considerable attention towards cancer-directed immune responses and the mechanisms behind which immune cells kill cancer cells have progressively been helpful in the advancement of new therapies. Among them, bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved much more attention due to smart and robust mechanisms in activating the host anti-tumor response. Moreover, bacterial-based therapy can be utilized as a single monotherapy or in combination with multiple anticancer immunotherapies to accelerate productive clinical results. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in developing bacterial-based cancer immunotherapies.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.