绿色合成铁纳米颗粒是一个非常吸引人的研究领域，并且由于可靠、可持续和环保的合成纳米颗粒的方法，以及植物材料的易获得性和药理学意义，该领域变得越来越重要。与物理和化学合成相比，生物材料（如微生物和植物）被认为成本较低且对环境友好。使用生物提取物已成功合成了多种形态和尺寸的铁纳米颗粒。微生物（细菌、真菌、藻类等）和植物提取物已被应用于绿色合成铁纳米颗粒中，其原因是其含有各种代谢产物和生物分子。通过生物合成的铁纳米颗粒的物理和生化特性优于使用物理和化学试剂合成的铁纳米颗粒。铁纳米颗粒具有磁性特性和热电导性。在一定尺寸以下（通常为10-20 nm），铁纳米颗粒会表现出一种称为超顺磁性的独特磁性形态。它们无毒且高度可分散，具有定向传递的能力，非常适合有效地将药物传递到目标部位。绿色合成的铁纳米颗粒已被应用于多种生物技术应用。这些铁纳米颗粒表现出抗微生物和抗癌性质。铁纳米颗粒对细胞的生存能力、分裂和代谢活动产生不利影响。铁纳米颗粒已被用于各种酶/蛋白质的纯化和固定化。铁纳米颗粒在有机和无机污染物的生物修复中表现出潜力。本综述介绍了在绿色合成铁纳米颗粒中使用的各种生物来源以及它们在生物技术、诊断和环境污染缓解中的潜在应用。版权所有 © 2023. Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles is a highly fascinating research area and has gained importance due to reliable, sustainable and ecofriendly protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles, along with the easy availability of plant materials and their pharmacological significance. As an alternate to physical and chemical synthesis, the biological materials, like microorganisms and plants are considered to be less costly and environment-friendly. Iron nanoparticles with diverse morphology and size have been synthesized using biological extracts. Microbial (bacteria, fungi, algae etc.) and plant extracts have been employed in green synthesis of iron nanoparticles due to the presence of various metabolites and biomolecules. Physical and biochemical properties of biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles are superior to that are synthesized using physical and chemical agents. Iron nanoparticles have magnetic property with thermal and electrical conductivity. Iron nanoparticles below a certain size (generally 10-20 nm), can exhibit a unique form of magnetism called superparamagnetism. They are non-toxic and highly dispersible with targeted delivery, which are suitable for efficient drug delivery to the target. Green synthesized iron nanoparticles have been explored for multifarious biotechnological applications. These iron nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial and anticancerous properties. Iron nanoparticles adversely affect the cell viability, division and metabolic activity. Iron nanoparticles have been used in the purification and immobilization of various enzymes/proteins. Iron nanoparticles have shown potential in bioremediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. This review describes various biological sources used in the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications in biotechnology, diagnostics and mitigation of environmental pollutants.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.