先天淋巴细胞（ILCs）是一类日益增长的免疫细胞，模仿T细胞的外观和能力。然而，与T细胞不同，ILCs缺乏获得性抗原受体，也不会在抗原刺激下经历克隆选择或增殖。尽管缺乏抗原特异性受体，ILCs对来自感染或损伤组织的信号能够快速响应，并产生多种细胞因子来调节适应性免疫反应的发展。根据其特征细胞因子和转录因子的不同，ILCs可以分为四种类型：ILC1、ILC2、ILC3（包括淋巴器官诱导细胞-LTi细胞）和调节性ILCs（ILCregs）。ILCs在控制和解决炎症中发挥关键作用，其比例的变化与包括癌症、胃肠道疾病、肺部疾病和皮肤疾病在内的各种病理性疾病相关联。本综述突出了ILCs生物学和分类方面的最新进展。此外，我们还全面概述了它们在几种与骨骼炎症相关的病理性疾病，包括骨质疏松症、类风湿关节炎、牙周病和强直性脊柱炎中的贡献。了解ILCs在生理和病理条件下的多种功能将进一步推动未来针对ILCs进行治疗目的的研究。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a growing class of immune cells, imitate the appearance and abilities of T cells. However, unlike T cells, ILCs lack acquired antigen receptors, and they also do not undergo clonal selection or proliferation in response to antigenic stimuli. Despite lacking antigen-specific receptors, ILCs respond quickly to signals from infected or damaged tissues and generate an array of cytokines that regulate the development of adaptive immune response. ILCs can be categorized into four types based on their signature cytokines and transcription factors: ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 (including Lymphoid Tissue inducer- LTi cells), and regulatory ILCs (ILCregs). ILCs play key functions in controlling and resolving inflammation, and variations in their proportion are linked to various pathological diseases including cancer, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and skin diseases. We highlight current advancements in the biology and classification of ILCs in this review. Additionally, we provide a thorough overview of their contributions to several inflammatory bone-related pathologies, including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Understanding the multiple functions of ILCs in both physiological and pathological conditions will further mobilize future research towards targeting ILCs for therapeutic purposes.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.