长期以来，黑色素瘤一直被认为可以通过免疫疗法特别解决，但这种声誉是建立在不太有效的基于细胞因子的免疫疗法之上的。 CTLA-4 抗体疗法强化了这一传统，但 PD-1 抗体改变了黑色素瘤治疗格局，并引领免疫疗法成为一半以上晚期癌症人群的标准治疗方法。在 8% 的癌症和近 50% 的黑色素瘤中发现了 BRAF 突变。 BRAF 抑制剂和 BRAF/MEK 联合疗法治疗黑色素瘤的成功开发先于所有癌症类型的监管批准。在 2010 年代的十年里，没有一种癌症类型的结果改善程度与黑色素瘤相同。© 2023 John Wiley

Melanoma had long been considered to be particularly addressable with immunotherapy, but that reputation was built on modestly effective cytokine-based immunotherapy. CTLA-4 antibody therapy reinforced this legacy, but PD-1 antibodies transformed the melanoma treatment landscape and lead the way for immunotherapy to become standard treatment for more than half of the advanced cancer population. BRAF mutations were discovered in 8% of all cancer and nearly 50% of melanomas. Successful development of BRAF inhibitors and BRAF/MEK combination therapy in melanoma preceded regulatory approval across all cancer types. No cancer type saw outcomes improved by the same margin as melanoma in the decade of the 2010s.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.