自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞对肿瘤微环境条件的适应深受其代谢活动的影响，代谢活动本身是营养物质可用性和癌细胞本身代谢的结果。癌症中糖酵解和脂质代谢速率的升高不仅导致免疫抑制副产物的积累，而且还导致细胞外代谢物浓度升高的环境。这会通过转录和翻译谱的变化导致 NK 细胞生物能发生改变，最终影响其药理学并损害 NK 细胞反应。然而，了解驱动 NK 细胞免疫信号改变的代谢过程仍然很困难，而且尚未得到充分探索。我们讨论了体内平衡和肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中 NK 细胞代谢的各种复杂驱动因素、与其靶向性相关的挑战以及尚未探索的治疗机会。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

The adaptation of natural killer (NK) cells to conditions in the microenvironment of tumors is deeply affected by their metabolic activity, itself a result of nutrient availability and the metabolism of the cancer cells themselves. Elevated rates of glycolysis and lipid metabolism in cancers not only lead to the accumulation of immunosuppressive byproducts but also contribute to an environment of elevated concentrations of extracellular metabolites. This results in altered NK cell bioenergetics through changes in transcriptional and translational profiles, ultimately affecting their pharmacology and impairing NK cell responses. However, understanding the metabolic processes that drive alterations in immunological signaling on NK cells remains both difficult and vastly underexplored. We discuss the varied and complex drivers of NK cell metabolism in homeostasis and the tumor microenvironment (TME), challenges associated with their targetability, and unexplored therapeutic opportunities.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.