在当前筛查结肠镜检查和早期直肠癌发病率不断增加的时代，介入内窥镜检查朝着比粘膜下层更深的平面进行切除。一些报告支持使用内镜肌间剥离术（EID）代替内镜粘膜下剥离术（ESD）来切除深度浸润性直肠粘膜下癌。切除平面进入肌间间隙，即纵向（外部）和圆形（内部）肌肉层之间的空间，可以彻底切除直肠浸润性粘膜下癌。此外，该技术通过更深的切割和避免狭窄的粘膜下空间进行部分肌切除术，提供了解剖直肠疤痕和严重纤维化病变的潜力。我们介绍了 23 例 EID 病例，均针对深部浸润性直肠癌和良性直肠病变。这是文献中第一份针对恶性和良性疾病（包括严重纤维化直肠病变病例）进行 EID 切除的报告。© 2023。Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

In the current era of screening colonoscopy and increasing incidence of early rectal cancer, interventional endoscopy moves toward resections in deeper planes than the submucosal layer. Several reports support the use of endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID) instead of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the removal of deeply invasive rectal submucosal cancers. The resection plane into the intermuscular space, the space between the longitudinal (external) and circular (internal) muscle layer, allows radical removal of rectal invasive submucosal cancers. Furthermore, the technique offers the potential for dissection of scarred and severe fibrotic lesions in the rectum by cutting deeper and performing a partial myectomy avoiding the narrow submucosal space. We present 23 cases of EIDs both for deeply invasive rectal cancers and benign rectal lesions. This is the first report in the literature of EID resections for malignant and benign disease, including cases of severely fibrotic rectal lesions.© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.