异位甲状腺是一种罕见的疾病。现报道一例极其罕见的咽旁间隙异位甲状腺病例，同时发现在位甲状腺乳头状癌。患者，女，54岁，因甲状腺肿瘤、颈部淋巴结肿大入院。 CT 和 MR 成像显示存在右侧甲状腺淋巴结以及右侧咽旁肿块，直径为 2.5 × 2.3 cm。还进行了 PET-CT 进一步诊断，显示 PPS 质量的 suv 指标为 4.03。考虑到肿块无症状，第一次甲状腺手术时我们没有处理。然而，当患者在放射性碘治疗前接受放射性碘扫描时，影像显示肿块可以摄入碘。于是，我们对该肿块安排了第二次手术，术后病理检查证实该肿块为分化良好的甲状腺组织。咽旁异位甲状腺合并在位甲状腺癌极为罕见。术前影像学检查可明显避免本病的漏诊。当发现在位甲状腺为恶性时，建议对异位甲状腺进行手术切除。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Ectopic thyroid is a rare condition. Here we report an extremely rare case of parapharyngeal space ectopic thyroid, which has simultaneously found the papillary thyroid carcinoma of the eutopic thyroid.A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a thyroid tumor and neck lymph nodes. CT and MR imaging revealed the presence of a thyroid right node, as well as a right parapharyngeal mass with a diameter of 2.5 × 2.3 cm. PET-CT was also performed to diagnose further, revealing that the suv metric of the PPS mass was 4.03. Considering that the mass was asymptomatic, we did not handle it at the first thyroid surgery. However, when the patient underwent a radioactive iodine scan before the radioactive iodine treatment, the imaging showed that the mass could intake the iodine. So, we arranged the second surgery for this mass, and the postoperative pathological examination confirmed the mass was well-differentiated thyroid tissue.Parapharyngeal ectopic thyroid with eutopic thyroid cancer is extremely rare. Preoperative imaging examination can significantly avoid the missed diagnosis of this disease. Surgical resection is recommended for the ectopic thyroid while the eutopic thyroid is found to be malignant.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.