多组分纳米颗粒系统以其不同的特性和功能而闻名，并显示出作为基因纳米载体的潜力。本研究旨在合成和表征三元镍钴铁氧体 (NiCoFe2O4) 纳米颗粒，该纳米颗粒有可能作为癌症/基因治疗的基因纳米载体。生物纳米载体是采用遵循绿色化学原理的简单且环保的方法制备的。通过X射线衍射、振动样品磁力计、X射线光电子能谱和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller分析了纳米粒子的物理化学性质。为了评估纳米粒子的形态，采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜成像和电子断层扫描进行了研究。结果表明，纳米颗粒具有具有介孔性质的纳米花形态和立方尖晶石结构，其中棒状和球形纳米颗粒变成具有特定方向的玫瑰状。研究发现，这些纳米颗粒在浓度为 1 至 250 µg·mL-1 的情况下，对人胚胎肾 293 (HEK-293 T) 细胞具有最小的毒性。我们还证明，纳米颗粒可以用作基因纳米载体，利用外部磁场将基因递送至 HEK-293 T 细胞，在 N/P 比为 2.5 时实现最佳转染效率。该研究表明，生物多组分纳米载体在癌症/基因治疗中显示出安全有效的基因传递的潜力。© 2023。BioMed Central Ltd.，Springer Nature 旗下公司。

Multicomponent nanoparticle systems are known for their varied properties and functions, and have shown potential as gene nanocarriers. This study aims to synthesize and characterize ternary nickel-cobalt-ferrite (NiCoFe2O4) nanoparticles with the potential to serve as gene nanocarriers for cancer/gene therapy. The biogenic nanocarriers were prepared using a simple and eco-friendly method following green chemistry principles. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. To evaluate the morphology of the nanoparticles, the field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, and electron tomography were conducted. Results indicate the nanoparticles have a nanoflower morphology with a mesoporous nature and a cubic spinel structure, where the rod and spherical nanoparticles became rose-like with a specific orientation. These nanoparticles were found to have minimal toxicity in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293 T) cells at concentrations of 1 to 250 µg·mL-1. We also demonstrated that the nanoparticles could be used as gene nanocarriers for delivering genes to HEK-293 T cells using an external magnetic field, with optimal transfection efficiency achieved at an N/P ratio of 2.5. The study suggests that biogenic multicomponent nanocarriers show potential for safe and efficient gene delivery in cancer/gene therapy.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.